Liverpool F.C. in European football

Liverpool have won the European Champion Clubs' Cup five times, a British record

Liverpool Football Club is an English professional football club that has been Britain's most successful club in Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) competitions. Since 1964 the club has won eleven European trophies: the European Cup five times, the UEFA Cup three times, and the UEFA Super Cup three times.

The qualification rules for European competition have varied over the years, but are generally related to a team's success in its domestic league and cup competitions. Liverpool competed in Europe for 21 consecutive seasons until the 1985 European Cup Final, the occasion of the Heysel Stadium disaster, following which the club was banned from European competitions for six seasons. Since being reaccepted in 1991, Liverpool have qualified for the Champions League (successor to the European Cup) eight times and the UEFA Cup seven times.

As a result of their victory in the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final, Liverpool won the European Champion Clubs' Cup trophy outright, and were awarded a multiple winner badge. Only Real Madrid and AC Milan have won the competition on more occasions. Liverpool have won the UEFA Cup three times, a record shared with Internazionale and Juventus. Liverpool have also won the UEFA Super Cup on three occasions, a total only AC Milan (five) has bettered.

Bob Paisley has been Liverpool's most successful manager in Europe, with five trophies. Gérard Houllier and Rafael Benítez won two apiece; Bill Shankly and Joe Fagan won one each. Liverpool's record win in Europe is an 11–0 victory over Strømsgodset in the 1974–75 Cup Winners' Cup; this is the club's record victory in all competitions. Jamie Carragher holds the club record for the most European appearances, with 139, and Steven Gerrard is Liverpool's record European goalscorer, with 38 goals.

European competitions

The first continental competition organised by UEFA was the European Cup in 1955. It is the most prestigious European competition and was conceived by Gabriel Hanot, the editor of L'Équipe, as a competition for winners of the European national football leagues.^[1] The format of the competition was changed for the 1992–93 season to include a group stage, instead of the straight knockout format previously in use. The competition was also renamed as the UEFA Champions League.^[2] Further changes were made for the 1997–98 season, with the runners-up from countries placed highly in the UEFA coefficients allowed to enter. This was later expanded to four teams for the top countries' in the coefficients.^[3]

A number of other European competitions have also taken place. The secondary cup competition is the UEFA Cup, established in 1972. The competition was initially open to teams who finished as runners-up in their respective national leagues. This was later expanded, based on the countries' rank in the coefficients and performance in domestic cup competitions. The competition was renamed as the UEFA Europa League for the 2009–10 season.^[4] The UEFA Cup Winners' Cup was a competition for the winners of all European domestic cups. Established in 1960 it was considered the secondary cup competition until the re-branding of the European Cup, which weakened the competition and it was then considered the weakest of the three competitions.^[5] The competition was discontinued in 1999 and amalgamated into the UEFA Cup.^[6]

The UEFA Super Cup is a competition between the winners of the Champions League and Europa League. It was contested between the winners of the Champions League and Cup Winners' Cup until the discontinuation of the latter in 1999. The competition was originally held over two matches but was changed to a single match in 1998.^[7] The Inter-Cities Fairs Cup was established in 1955 and ran independently of UEFA. It was initially for team from cities that hosted trade fairs, though it was later expanded to include runners-up from the domestic leagues. In 1971 it came under the control of UEFA and was re-branded as the UEFA Cup.^[5] The Intercontinental Cup was a competition for the winners of the European Cup and the South American equivalent the Copa Libertadores, established in 1960. Jointly organised by UEFA and the Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL) it ran until 2004, when it was replaced by the FIFA Club World Cup which included the winners of all six confederations' regional championships.^[8]

History

Shankly years (1965–74)

Statue of Bill Shankly outside Anfield. Shankly was the first Liverpool manager to win a European trophy

Bill Shankly managed Liverpool from 1959 and it was under him that the team first competed in European competition in 1964–65, qualifying for the European Cup by winning the First Division championship in the previous season.^[9] Liverpool's first opponents were KR Reykjavík of Iceland, who they played in the preliminary round, Liverpool winning 11–1 on aggregate. The next round, against Belgian team Anderlecht, was the first time that the club wore their all-red strip. The decision was made by Shankly, who wanted to create a psychological impact.^[10] Liverpool beat Anderlecht and progressed to the semi-finals, where they met Italian team Internazionale. Before the first leg at Anfield, Shankly asked two injured players to parade the FA Cup, which Liverpool had won the previous week, to try and intimidate the Italians.^[11] Liverpool won the match 3–1^[12] and Internazionale won the second leg 3–0, winning 4–3 on aggregate. The second leg was controversial: Shankly described it as "a war"^[13] and felt that the referee, Jose Maria Ortiz de Mendibel, had shown bias towards Internazionale^[14] with some Liverpool players feeling cheated by his decisions.^[13] Liverpool's 1964–65 FA Cup victory ensured qualification for the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup the following season, and they reached their first European final. Borussia Dortmund, Liverpool's opponents, employed tactics to counter-attack that had paid dividends in previous rounds and did so again, with the Germans beating Liverpool 2–1 after extra time.^[15]

In the next four seasons Liverpool competed in the European Cup and Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, but failed to progress past the third round in either competition.^[16] A tie against Dutch team Ajax during the 1966–67 European Cup was to prove pivotal in the history of Liverpool in European competition.^[17] Ajax beat Liverpool 7–3 on aggregate; however, the style of football that Ajax played – a patient passing game inspired by Johann Cruyff – convinced Shankly that Liverpool had to replicate this to be successful in Europe.^[18] Liverpool reached the semi-finals of the 1970–71 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, losing 1–0 on aggregate to Leeds United.^[19] Liverpool competed in the 1971–72 European Cup Winners' Cup, despite losing the 1971 FA Cup Final (the winners, Arsenal, had also won the league championship, and hence competed in the European Cup). Liverpool were eliminated in the second round by Bayern Munich of Germany 3–1 on aggregate.^[20]

The changes made to Liverpool's tactics came to fruition during the 1972–73 UEFA Cup. Liverpool reached their first European final where they faced Borussia Mönchengladbach of Germany. Liverpool won the first leg 3–0 as a result of goals from Kevin Keegan and Larry Lloyd. This meant they needed to avoid losing by three clear goals to win the final. This influenced their tactics – The Times reported that Liverpool employed a "holding action" against the "attacking Germans".^[21] The tactics worked as Mönchengladbach scored only twice, handing Liverpool a 3–2 aggregate victory.^[22] Liverpool achieved a double success that season by also winning the Football League championship for the first time since 1966. As a result, they played in the 1973–74 European Cup but were eliminated in the second round by Red Star Belgrade of Yugoslavia. Bill Shankly retired at the end of the season.^[23]

Paisley years (1974–83)

Shankly was succeeded by his assistant, Bob Paisley, in 1974.^[24] Liverpool competed in the Cup Winners' Cup during Paisley's first season and defeated Strømsgodset of Norway 11–0 at Anfield, which is the club's record victory in all matches.^[25] They lost in the next round to Hungarian side Ferencváros on the away goals rule. In 1975–76 Liverpool entered the UEFA Cup after finishing second in the First Division. Victories over Hibernian, Real Sociedad, Śląsk Wrocław, Dynamo Dresden and FC Barcelona took Liverpool to their third European final. Crucial to their progress was goalkeeper Ray Clemence who made two important penalty saves against Hibernian and Dresden, thus saving Liverpool from elimination on the away goals rule in both games.^[26] Their opponents in the final were Club Brugge of Belgium. Liverpool recovered from a two-goal deficit to win the first leg at Anfield 3–2, with Ray Kennedy, Jimmy Case, and Kevin Keegan scoring three goals in six minutes. A 1–1 draw at the Jan Breydel Stadion in Bruges meant Liverpool won 4–3 on aggregate to win their second UEFA Cup.^[27]

The Paisley Gateway is a tribute to former manager Bob Paisley, who won a record three European Cups – and three European trophies in successive seasons – as Liverpool manager

As the 1975–76 league champions, Liverpool entered the 1976–77 European Cup. They defeated Crusaders of Northern Ireland and Turkish team Trabzonspor to reach the quarter-finals, where they faced the runners-up from the previous season, Saint-Étienne. The French team won the first leg 1–0. The second leg at Anfield began well for Liverpool, when Keegan scored in the first two minutes. Saint-Étienne equalised to make the score 2–1 on aggregate in their favour. Ray Kennedy scored for Liverpool, but they still needed another goal to win the tie, due to the away goals rule. With six minutes remaining, David Fairclough was brought on to replace John Toshack; he immediately scored in front of the Kop to make the score 3–2 on aggregate in Liverpool's favour, ensuring their passage to the semi-finals.^[28] Liverpool defeated FC Zurich of Switzerland 6–1 on aggregate to reach the final, where they met their opponents from the 1973 UEFA Cup Final, Borussia Mönchengladbach. The final was held in Rome, four days after Liverpool had lost the 1977 FA Cup Final to Manchester United. Before the match, Paisley announced that striker Toshack would be fit to start; however, Toshack was not named in the squad and this upset the Germans' game plan, allowing Keegan to torment his marker, Berti Vogts.^[29] Liverpool won 3–1 to become European champions for the first time.^[30]

By winning the European Cup Liverpool qualified for the European Super Cup against the winners of the Cup Winners' Cup, German team Hamburg who had just signed Kevin Keegan. Liverpool won 7–1 on aggregate.^[31] Liverpool entered the 1977–78 European Cup as champions and received a bye in the first round. Dynamo Dresden of Germany and Portuguese team Benfica were defeated in the second round and quarter-finals, respectively. Liverpool's opponents in the semi-final were Borussia Mönchengladbach, who won the first leg 2–1. Liverpool won the second leg 3–0 and progressed to a second successive European Cup final, against Club Brugge at Wembley. In the final Kenny Dalglish, who had been signed to replace Keegan, scored the winning goal after receiving the ball from a Graeme Souness pass. The 1–0 victory meant Liverpool became the first British team to retain the European Cup.^[32] Liverpool faced Anderlecht, the winners of the Cup Winners' Cup in the European Super Cup, but failed to retain the Super Cup losing 4–3 on aggregate against the Belgian side.^[33] Liverpool were eliminated in the first round of the 1978–79 European Cup by English champions Nottingham Forest; the eventual European champions won the tie 2–0 on aggregate.^[34] Liverpool entered the 1979–80 European Cup as English champions but were again eliminated in the first round, beaten 4–2 on aggregate by Dinamo Tbilisi of the Soviet Union.^[35]

Liverpool participated in the 1980–81 European Cup as English league champions, defeating Finnish champions Oulun Palloseura, Scottish club Aberdeen and CSKA Sofia of Bulgaria to qualify for the semi-finals, where they faced three-time champions Bayern Munich of Germany. The first leg at Anfield finished 0–0. In the second leg at the Olympiastadion in Munich, Ray Kennedy scored in the 83rd minute and, although the German side equalised, Liverpool went through to the final on the away-goals rule.^[36] Liverpool faced the Spanish team Real Madrid in the final, held at the Parc des Princes in Paris. Alan Kennedy scored the only goal to give Liverpool a 1–0 victory, which secured the club's – and Paisley's – third European Cup. Liverpool's defence of the trophy in the 1981–82 European Cup was ended by CSKA Sofia in the quarter-finals.^[37] Another quarter-final exit occurred in the 1982–83 European Cup when Polish team Widzew Łódź eliminated Liverpool 4–3 on aggregate.^[38] Bob Paisley retired as manager at the end of the season and was succeeded by his assistant Joe Fagan.^[39]

Fagan years (1983–85)

Replicas of the four European Cups Liverpool won from 1977 to 1984 on display in the club's museum

Liverpool entered the 1983–84 European Cup as 1982–83 Football League champions. Victories over Odense of Denmark and Spanish champions Athletic Bilbao meant Liverpool faced Portuguese champions Benfica in the quarter-finals.^[40] Liverpool won the first leg at Anfield 1–0; their tactic in the second leg of withdrawing Dalglish into midfield put Benfica's game plan into disarray,^[41] and Liverpool won the match 4–1 to take the tie 5–1 on aggregate. Their opponents in the semi-finals were Dinamo Bucharest of Romania. A brutal encounter, characterised by Souness breaking the jaw of the Bucharest captain Lică Movilă, was won 3–1 on aggregate by Liverpool.^[41]

Joe Fagan's first season in charge of Liverpool had been a successful one. When they reached their fourth European Cup final, Liverpool had already won the Football League Cup and the league championship^[42] while victory in the European final against A.S. Roma would complete an unprecedented treble. The final was played at Rome's Stadio Olimpico and Liverpool went ahead in the 13th minute when Phil Neal scored, though Roma equalised towards the end of the first half. The score remained the same throughout full and extra time. Liverpool won the subsequent penalty shootout, with Alan Kennedy scoring the winning penalty after Liverpool goalkeeper Bruce Grobbelaar had put off Francesco Graziani, causing him to place his penalty over the crossbar.^[43] After the game, gangs of Roma fans assaulted Liverpool supporters travelling back to their hotels.^[44]

Liverpool entered the 1984–85 European Cup as champions, and once again progressed to the final where their opponents were Juventus of Italy. Liverpool were aiming to win their fifth European Cup, which would entitle them to keep the trophy. The 1985 European Cup Final was held at the Heysel Stadium in Belgium. The choice of venue had been criticised due to the dilapidated state of the stadium and Liverpool Chief Executive Peter Robinson, among others, tried to persuade UEFA to change the venue.^[45] Before the kick-off, English fans breached a fence separating the two groups of supporters and charged the Juventus fans. The resulting weight of people caused a retaining wall to collapse, killing 39 people and injuring hundreds more.^[46] Despite calls for an abandonment, the match was played as it was felt that further trouble would be caused otherwise.^[47]

Juventus won the match 1–0, Michel Platini scoring from the penalty spot to give Juventus their first European Cup.^[48] UEFA laid the blame for the incident solely on the English fans: the official UEFA observer stated, "Only the English fans were responsible. Of that there is no doubt."^[49] Three days after the final, UEFA banned English clubs from Europe for an indefinite period. Liverpool were initially given an additional three-year ban.^[48] Joe Fagan retired after the 1984–85 season and was succeeded by Kenny Dalglish who took over as player-manager.^[50]

Return to Europe (1991–2004)

Liverpool returned to European competition in the 1991–92 UEFA Cup, a year after other English clubs had been accepted back. Their first match was against Finnish side Kuusyi Lahti. Liverpool won the first leg 6–1 at Anfield and the return leg 1–0 in Finland to advance to the next round, where they were beaten by Genoa of Italy 4–1 over two legs.^[51]

Liverpool's victory over Sunderland in the 1992 FA Cup Final qualified them for the 1992–93 European Cup Winners' Cup, but the campaign was short-lived and they were eliminated in the second round by Spartak Moscow.^[52] Liverpool finished no higher than sixth in the Premier League during the next two seasons and thus failed to qualify for European competition until the 1995–96 season when they entered the UEFA Cup, but again progressed no further than the second round.^[53]

Liverpool have won the UEFA Cup three times, a joint European record

As runners-up to league champions Manchester United in the 1996 FA Cup Final, Liverpool were able to compete in the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. Here they had their most successful campaign since returning to European competition by reaching the semi-finals, where they were eliminated 3–2 on aggregate by French team Paris Saint–Germain.^[54] In the next two seasons Liverpool played in the UEFA Cup, but were eliminated in the early rounds; first by Strasbourg of France and then by Spanish team Celta de Vigo.^[55][56] A seventh-place finish in the 1998–99 FA Premier League meant Liverpool did not qualify for Europe in 1999–2000.^[57]

Having finished fourth in the 1999–2000 FA Premier League, Liverpool qualified for the 2000–01 UEFA Cup and won the competition for a record-equalling third time. The season was the club's most successful since the 1980s as Liverpool won a cup treble with the UEFA Cup, the FA Cup and the League Cup. Their opponents in the final at Dortmund were Deportivo Alavés of Spain. The match was tied at 4–4 in extra time when Alavés defender Delfí Geli scored an own goal to give Liverpool victory on the golden goal rule. The performance of Gary McAllister, whose free-kick resulted in the winning goal, was praised as "outstanding".^[58] It was their first European trophy since winning the European Cup in 1984.^[59] As UEFA Cup winners, Liverpool played in the 2001 UEFA Super Cup against Champions League winners Bayern Munich and won 3–2.^[60]

In the 2001–02 season, Liverpool returned to the European Cup (now called the UEFA Champions League) for the first time since the Heysel disaster. By beating Roma 2–0 in the second group stage they progressed to the quarter-finals.^[61] Liverpool faced German team Bayer Leverkusen and won the first leg 1–0. This appeared to be to Liverpool's advantage, as their counter-attacking style of play had been better suited to away matches throughout the season;^[62] however, they lost the second leg 4–2 and were eliminated 4–3 on aggregate.^[63]

A second-place finish in the 2001–02 FA Premier League entitled Liverpool to participate in the Champions League for a second successive season, but they were eliminated in the group stages.^[64] Their third-place finish gave them a late entry to the 2002–03 UEFA Cup. Liverpool beat Dutch team Vitesse Arnhem and Auxerre of France to set up an all-British tie with Scottish team Celtic. A 1–1 draw in the first leg meant Liverpool would progress to the semi-finals if they did not concede a goal in the second leg at Anfield. Liverpool sat back for the majority of the first-half, content to hold their advantage, but these tactics backfired when Celtic scored before half-time and again in the second half to win 3–1 on aggregate.^[65]

Liverpool were in the UEFA Cup for the 2003–04 season, having conceded the fourth place needed to qualify for the Champions League to Chelsea on the final day of the previous league season.^[66] Liverpool were eliminated by eventual runners-up Marseille of France in the fourth round. At the end of the season, manager Gérard Houllier was replaced by Rafael Benítez.^[67]

Benítez years (2004–10)

Fans in the Kop hold a mosaic during the match with Juventus, 6 April 2005. Amicizia means "friendship" in Italian

Liverpool's final position of fourth in the 2003–04 season meant they qualified again for the Champions League in the 2004–05 season. A poor start, with two losses in their first few games, meant the club faced elimination in the group stages. A 3–1 victory over Olympiacos ensured their passage to the knock-out rounds. Liverpool beat Bayer Leverkusen and Juventus to reach the semi-finals, and progressed to the final after beating Chelsea 1–0 on aggregate; debate still continues about the goal scored by Liverpool and whether the ball actually crossed the goal line.^[68] Liverpool's performances in Europe contrasted strongly with their league form, where they were struggling to finish in the top-four to ensure qualification for next season's Champions League.^[69]

Liverpool faced six-time European champions AC Milan in the final. Trailing 3–0 at half-time, Liverpool scored three goals in a six-minute spell in the second half to level the match 3–3. There were no goals during extra time, so the match went to a penalty shoot-out. With the shoot-out score at 3–2, Liverpool goalkeeper Jerzy Dudek saved from Andriy Shevchenko to give Liverpool victory.^[70] Liverpool were entitled to keep the trophy, as it was their fifth European Cup victory, and a new trophy was commissioned for the next year's competition.^[71] The victory also entitled Liverpool to compete in the UEFA Super Cup in August. Despite playing a vital role in their Champions League triumph, Dudek was replaced by Pepe Reina.^[72] He won his first trophy with Liverpool when they defeated UEFA Cup winners CSKA Moscow of Russia 3–1 to win their third Super Cup.^[73]

Having finished fifth in the Premier League in 2004–05, Liverpool were not guaranteed entry into the Champions League, and thus they faced the prospect of not being able to defend their European title. UEFA eventually ruled that Liverpool would be allowed to do so, but they would be required to start in the first qualifying round, with no country protection, which meant they could face a team from England in the group stages.^[74] This turned out to be the case – Liverpool advanced through three qualifying rounds and met Chelsea in the group stages. They progressed from their group as winners but were beaten by Benfica in the first knock-out round.^[75]

Liverpool competed in the 2006–07 UEFA Champions League and reached the final for the second time in three years. After victories over holders Barcelona and Dutch team PSV Eindhoven, they scored a penalty shootout victory over Chelsea in the semi-finals and faced Milan in a rematch of the 2005 final.^[76] The Liverpool team contained only five players from the 2005 final, and the team enjoyed more possession than in 2005;^[77] however, two goals from Filippo Inzaghi gave Milan their seventh European Cup in a 2–1 win.^[78]

Liverpool and Arsenal lining up before their match in the quarter-finals of the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League

After the final, Benítez pleaded to club owners Tom Hicks and George Gillett to provide him with money to spend in the transfer window.^[79] The owners acquiesced and the club signed striker Fernando Torres from Atlético Madrid.^[80] Despite the arrival of Torres, Liverpool were eliminated from the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League in the semi-finals by Chelsea (whom they had faced previously at the semi-final stage in 2005 and 2007). A third-place finish in the 2007–08 Premier League secured entry into the 2008–09 UEFA Champions League. Liverpool reached the quarter-finals and again faced Chelsea. Liverpool lost 7–5 on aggregate and Chelsea progressed to the semi-finals.^[81]

A second-place finish in the 2008–09 Premier League entitled Liverpool to compete in the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League. Unlike previous seasons, their campaign was short-lived. Liverpool finished third in their group, with three defeats, and thus were eliminated from the competition. They entered the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League, progressing to the semi-finals, where they were eliminated by eventual winners Atlético Madrid on the away goals rule after the tie finished 2–2 on aggregate.^[82]

2010 to present

Benítez left the club at the end of the 2009–10 season and was replaced by Fulham manager Roy Hodgson.^[83] A fifth place finish in the 2009–10 Premier League meant Liverpool would be competing in the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League. They beat Rabotnički and Trabzonspor to progress to the group stage. Liverpool were drawn alongside Italian club Napoli, Dutch team Utrecht and Romanian team Steaua Bucureşti. Liverpool won two games and drew four to finish top of their group with 10 points and progress to the round of 32.^[84] During this campaign, the club was sold in acrimonious circumstances to New England Sports Ventures who set about ensuring financial stability. Liverpool were drawn against Czech club Sparta Prague in the next round but, before the tie was played, Roy Hodgson was replaced by former Liverpool manager Kenny Dalglish.^[85] A 2–0 aggregate victory ensured progression to the round of 16 in which Liverpool lost 1–0 on aggregate to eventual runners-up Braga of Portugal.^[86] Liverpool finished sixth in the 2010–11 Premier League and failed to qualify for European competitions for the first time since 1999.^[87]

Records

• Most appearances in European competition: Jamie Carragher, 139.^[88]
• Most European goals: Steven Gerrard, 38.^[89]
• First European match: Liverpool 6–0 KR Reykjavik, European Cup, first round, 17 August 1964.^[90]
• First goal scored in Europe: Gordon Wallace against KR Reyjavik.^[91]
• Biggest win: Liverpool 11–0 Strømsgodset, in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, 17 September 1974.^[90]
• Highest European attendance: 55,104 (against Barcelona in the 1975–76 UEFA Cup).^[92]
• Lowest European attendance: 12,021 (against Dundalk in the 1982–83 European Cup).^[92]

Records by season

Key

Records by competition

As of 12 April 2011.^[93]

Honours

• European Cup/UEFA Champions League: 5
  • 1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005

• UEFA Cup: 3
  • 1973, 1976, 2001

• UEFA Super Cup: 3
  • 1977, 2001, 2005

Footnotes

References

• Graham, Matthew (1985). Liverpool. Twickenham: Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd. ISBN 0-600-50254-6. 
• Kelly, Stephen F. (1988). You'll Never Walk Alone. London: Guild Publishing. ISBN 0-356-19594-5. 
• Liversedge, Stan (1991). Liverpool:The Official Centenary History. London: Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd. ISBN 0-600-57308-7. 
• Moore, Glenn (2000). The Concise Encyclopedia of World Football. London: Parragon. ISBN 0-75254-466-7. 
• Ponting, Ivan; Hale, Steve (1992). Liverpool in Europe. Enfield: Guiness. ISBN 0-85112-569-7. 

External links

• Official UEFA site
• Official Liverpool FC website
• LFC in Europe Website

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