Lower limb: Information from Answers.com

Lower limb

Back of left lower extremity.
Latin	membrum inferius
Gray's	subject #291 1336

The lower limb is a limb of the body.^[1]

According to Terminologia Anatomica, it includes the pelvic girdle, buttocks, hip, and thigh,^[2] as well as the components distal to the knee.

References

^ lower limb at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Committee on Anatomical Termi, Federative. Terminologia Anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology. Thieme Stuttgart. pp. 2. ISBN 3-13-114361-4.

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Human anatomy (TA A01.1)

Head

Forehead · Ear · Jaw · Face (Cheek, Eye, Nose, Mouth, Chin) · Occiput · Scalp · Temple

Neck

Throat · Adam's apple

Torso

Breast · Thorax · Abdomen · Navel · Back · Pelvis

Sex organs

Limbs

Upper limb	Shoulder · Axilla · Arm Elbow · Forearm Wrist · Hand · Finger (Thumb · Index · Middle · Ring · Little)

Lower limb/ (see also leg)	Hip · Buttocks · Thigh Knee · Calf · Crus Ankle · Heel · Foot · Toe (Hallux · Fifth) · Sole

Skin

Hair

Bones of lower limbs (TA A02.5.04-18, GA 2.242-277)

Femur

upper extremity	head (fovea) · neck · greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) · lesser trochanter · intertrochanteric line · intertrochanteric crest · quadrate tubercle

body	linea aspera · gluteal tuberosity / third trochanter · pectineal line

lower extremity	adductor tubercle · patellar surface · epicondyles (lateral, medial) · condyles (lateral, medial) · intercondylar fossa

Crus

Tibia

upper extremity	Gerdy's tubercle · condyles (lateral, medial) · intercondylar eminence (lateral/medial intercondylar tubercle) · posterior/anterior intercondylar area

body	tuberosity · soleal line

lower extremity	medial malleolus · fibular notch

Fibula

head · body · lateral malleolus

Other

patella (apex of patella)

Foot

Tarsus	calcaneus (sustentaculum tali, trochlear process) · talus (body, neck, head) · navicular · cuboid · cuneiform (medial, intermediate, lateral)

Metatarsus	1st metatarsal · 2nd · 3rd · 4th · 5th

Other	phalanges of the foot

Joints and ligaments of lower limbs (TA A03.6, GA 3.333)

Coxal/hip

femoral (iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral) · head of femur · transverse acetabular · acetabular labrum · capsule · zona orbicularis

Knee-joint

Capsule · Anterior meniscofemoral ligament · Posterior meniscofemoral ligament

extracapsular: patellar · popliteal (oblique, arcuate) · collateral (medial/tibial, fibular/lateral)

intracapsular: cruciate (anterior, posterior) · menisci (medial, lateral) · transverse

Infrapatellar fat pad

Tibiofibular

Superior tibiofibular	anterior of the head of the fibula · posterior of the head of the fibula

Inferior tibiofibular	anterior of the lateral malleolus · posterior of the lateral malleolus

other	Interosseous membrane of leg

Joints of foot

Talocrural/ankle

medial: medial of talocrural joint/deltoid (anterior tibiotalar, posterior tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular)
lateral: lateral collateral of ankle joint (anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular)

Subtalar/talocalcaneal

anterior/posterior · lateral/medial · interosseous

Transverse tarsal

Talocalcaneonavicular	dorsal talonavicular · plantar calcaneonavicular/spring · bifurcated (calcaneonavicular)

Calcaneocuboid	dorsal calcaneocuboid · long plantar · plantar calcaneocuboid · bifurcated (calcaneocuboid)

Distal intertarsal

Cuneonavicular	plantar · dorsal

Cuboideonavicular	plantar · dorsal

Intercuneiform	plantar · dorsal · interosseous

Other

Tarsometatarsal/Lisfranc	plantar · dorsal

Intermetatarsal/metatarsal	plantar · dorsal · interosseous · superficial transverse · deep transverse

Metatarsophalangeal	plantar · collateral

Interphalangeal	plantar · collateral

Arches

Longitudinal · Transverse

List of muscles of lower limbs (TA A04.7, GA 4.465)

ILIAC Region
/ ILIOPSOAS

psoas major/psoas minor · iliacus

BUTTOCKS

gluteals: (maximus, medius, minimus) · tensor fasciae latae

lateral rotator group: quadratus femoris · inferior gemellus · obturator internus · superior gemellus · piriformis

THIGH /
compartments

LEG/
Crus/
compartments

FOOT

Dorsal	extensor hallucis brevis · extensor digitorum brevis

Plantar	1st layer (abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi) · 2nd layer (quadratus plantae, lumbrical muscle) · 3rd layer (flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis) · 4th layer (dorsal interossei, plantar interossei)

Fascia	Plantar fascia retinacula (Peroneal, Inferior extensor, Superior extensor, Flexor)

List of arteries of lower limbs (TA A12.2.16, GA 6.623)

EI: Femoral

Superficial

superficial epigastric – superficial iliac circumflex

External pudendal

superficial – deep (anterior scrotal)

Profunda femoris

lateral circumflex femoral (descending, transverse, ascending) – medial circumflex femoral (ascending, superficial, deep, acetabular) – perforating

Descending genicular

saphenous branch – articular branches

Popliteal

Sural	no major branches

Genicular	superior genicular (medial, lateral) – middle genicular – inferior genicular (medial, lateral)

Anterior tibial	tibial recurrent (posterior, anterior) anterior malleolar (medial, lateral) dorsalis pedis: tarsal (medial, lateral)

Posterior tibial	circumflex fibular – fibular medial plantar – lateral plantar

Arches	arcuate: dorsal metatarsal / first dorsal metatarsal – deep plantar – dorsal digital arteries plantar arch: plantar metatarsal – common plantar digital – proper plantar digital

v • d • e Veins of lower limbs (TA A12.3.11, GA 7.669)

thigh	femoral · profunda femoris · popliteal

deep leg	fibular · anterior tibial · posterior tibial

superficial leg	small saphenous · great saphenous (external pudendal, superficial of penis ♂/clitoris ♀)

foot	dorsal arch · dorsal metatarsal · dorsal digital · plantar arch · plantar metatarsal · common digital · plantar digital

v • d • e Lymphatics of lower limbs (TA A13.3.05, GA 8.701)

Inguinal	Deep inguinal · Superficial inguinal

Other	Popliteal

Nerves of lower limbs and lower torso: the lumbosacral plexus (L1-Co) (TA A14.2.05-07, GA 9.948)

lumbar
plexus
(L1-L4)

sacral
plexus
(L4-S4)

coccygeal
plexus
(S4-Co)

pudendal: inferior anal · perineal (deep, posterior scrotal ♂/labial ♀) · dorsal of the penis ♂/clitoris ♀
anococcygeal

cutaneous innervation of the lower limbs

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Lower limb

See also

References