lycopodium

1. A plant of the genus Lycopodium, which includes the club mosses.
2. The yellowish powdery spores of certain club mosses, especially Lycopodium clavatum, used in fireworks and explosives and as a covering for pills.

[New Latin Lycopodium, genus name : Greek lukos, wolf + Greek podion, diminutive of pous, foot.]

Description

Lycopodium (Lycopodium clavatum) is a perennial evergreen plant that grows in pastures, woodlands, heaths, and moors of Great Britain, Northern Europe, and North America. It has a slender stem that trails along the ground and vertical branches that grow to 3-4 in (7.5-10 cm). The plant belongs to the Lycopodiaceae family and is related to mosses and ferns. It is often called club moss. Other names include wolf's claw, stag horn, witch meal, and vegetable sulfur.

The pale yellow pollen collected from the spores is used to make the homeopathic remedy called lycopodium. The pollen is odorless, water resistant, and highly flammable. For this reason, it used to be a component of fireworks. It was also used to create a coating for pills.

Early physicians used the plant to stimulate the appetite and to promote urination and the excretion of other body fluids. Lycopodium was also used in the treatment of flatulence, rheumatism, gout, lung ailments, and diseases of children and young girls. In the 17th century the pollen was used as an internal remedy for diarrhea, dysentery, and rheumatism. Externally, the pollen was a treatment for wounds and diseases of the skin such as eczema. The whole plant was used to heal kidney ailments.

General Use

Lycopodium is prescribed by homeopaths for both acute and chronic ailments such as earaches, sore throats, digestive disorders, urinary tract difficulties, hepatitis, prostatitis, and eye conditions. The remedy acts on soft tissues, blood vessels, bones, joints, and the liver and heart. This polychrest is also recommended in the treatment of back pain, bedwetting, fevers, food poisoning, mouth ulcers, mumps, colds, muscle cramps, constipation, coughs, cystitis, gas, sciatica, gout, skin conditions, and joint pain. It is often indicated in the early stages of pneumonia.

Lycopodium ailments are frequently the result of anger, horror, chagrin, disappointment, grief, fright, mental exertion, sexual excesses, overeating, or alcohol consumption. Typical lycopodium patients are alcoholic, timid and fearful adults, irritable and domineering children, or intellectuals who are strong in mind but weak in body. The latter generally look older than they are and their hair becomes gray prematurely. Children who require lycopodium are prone to tonsillitis, gas, and bronchial infections. They have tantrums if they do not get their way and dislike naps, often kicking and screaming beforehand or upon waking.

Patients may be predisposed to lung ailments, gas, and gallstones. They have weak digestive systems and often suffer from dyspepsia, colitis, or gastro-enteritis. They become full soon after beginning a meal or have no appetite until eating, whereupon they become ravenous. They may crave sweets and dislike oysters, onions, cabbage, and milk. Their stomachs are often bloated, gassy, acidic, and sour, and are worse from cold drinks, beer, coffee, or fruit. They may become sleepy after eating.

Mentally these persons are irritable, restless, quarrelsome, sensitive, weepy, melancholy, and depressed. Other mental symptoms include dullness, confusion, poor memory, amnesia, anger, hypersensitivity to noise, sadness, and anxiety upon waking. They frequently suffer from performance anxiety and are nervous in social situations. They do not prefer the company of others and although they dread the presence of new persons, friends, or visitors, they are afraid to be alone.

Insecurity and cowardice are general symptoms; lycopodium patients are typically concerned with what others think of them and have many fears, particularly of death, the dark, crowds, or new situations. They may try to hide their fears by becoming haughty or domineering.

Persons who need lycopodium generally have a craving for sweets, desire warm drinks, have little thirst, and desire fresh air. They are frequently constipated and suffer from hemorrhoids.

Ailments are generally worse on the right side of the body, often travelling from right to left or from above downward. Symptoms are worse between 4:00 and 8:00 p.m. and worsen with cold food and drinks. Exhaustion and illness may set in after much physical exertion. Symptoms are generally worse from cold conditions with the exception of head and spine symptoms, which are worse from warmth. Symptoms are better from open air, warm drinks, and motion.

Specific Indications

Physical indications are hunger with sudden fullness, urine with a red sandy color, gas, fatigue, numbness of fingers or toes, and a trembling of the limbs. Liver ailments such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, fatty degeneration of the liver, and liver cancer warrant the use of this remedy.

Periodic headaches occur as a result of digestive disturbances. If lycopodium patients miss a meal they may get a headache, which is relieved upon eating.

The sore throat typical of this remedy is sore on the right side, with swollen tonsils. The throat feels dusty and is better after swallowing warm drinks.

The cold indicative of lycopodium is accompanied by a headache, yellow mucous, and a stuffed, dry nose. The patient often has to breathe out of his mouth. The lycopodium cough is constant, deep and hollow. The chest is tight and the mucus that is expelled is salty, thick, and gray. The cough is worse in the evening.

Eye conditions may develop in which the eyes are inflamed and red and the eyelids are grainy.

When abdominal pains are present they are of a cutting, griping, clutching, or squeezing nature. Gas is accompanied by a bloated abdomen that feels better after passing gas and wearing loose clothing. The gas is worse after eating.

Joint pains are typically tearing pains that start on the right side and move to the left side. The knee and finger joints are especially stiff. Pains are better from continued movement or warmth and worsened during fever, sitting still, and initial movement.

The typical lycopodium patient has a pale, sickly face that is often covered with skin eruptions. Eczema, psoriasis, rashes, herpetic eruptions, and brown and yellow spots on the skin are common.

Men may be impotent. Women often suffer from inflammation and pain of the ovaries and uterus. The pain generally affects the right ovary more than the left.

Preparations

The spores of the plant are gathered at the end of the summer. The pollen is extracted from the spores and diluted with milk sugar.

Lycopodium is available at health food and drug stores in various potencies in the form of tinctures, tablets, and pellets.

Precautions

If symptoms do not improve after the recommended time period, a homeopath or health care practitioner should be consulted. The recommended dose of lycopodium should not be exceeded.

Side Effects

There are no specific side effects, but individual aggravations may occur.

Interactions

When taking any homeopathic remedy, it is advised to avoid peppermint products, coffee, or alcohol. These products may cause the remedy to be ineffective.

Lycopodium is incompatible with the remedy coffea. These remedies should not be taken simultaneously.

Resources

Books

Cummings, M.D., Stephen, and Ullman, M.P.H., Dana. Everybody's Guide to Homeopathic Medicines. New York, NY: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam, 1997.

Kent, James Tyler. Lectures on Materia Medica. Delhi, India: B. Jain Publishers, 1996.

[Article by: Jennifer Wurges]

The noun has one meaning:

Meaning #1: type and sole genus of the Lycopodiaceae; erect or creeping evergreen plants often used for Christmas decorations
  Synonym: genus Lycopodium

Lycopodium
Lycopodium annotinum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Lycopodiophyta
Class:	Lycopodiopsida
Order:	Lycopodiales
Family:	Lycopodiaceae
Genus:	Lycopodium
Species
see text

Lycopodium is a genus of clubmosses, also known as ground pines or creeping cedar^[1], in the family Lycopodiaceae, a family of fern-allies (see Pteridophyta). They are flowerless, vascular, terrestrial or epiphytic plants, with widely-branched, erect, prostrate or creeping stems, with small, simple, needle-like or scale-like leaves that cover the stem and branches thickly. The fertile leaves are arranged in cone-like strobilus. Specialized leaves (sporophylls) bear reniform spore-cases (sporangia) in the axils, which contain spores of one kind only. These club-shaped capsules give the genus its name.

Lycopods reproduce sexually by spores. The plant has an underground sexual phase that produces gametes, and this alternates in the life cycle with the spore-producing plant. The prothallium developed from the spore is a subterranean mass of tissue of considerable size and bears both the male and female organs (antheridium and archegonia). However, it is more common that they are distributed vegetatively through above or below ground rhizomes.

There are approximately 950 species,^{[citation needed]} with 37 species widely distributed in temperate and tropical climates, though they are confined to mountains in the tropics.

The genera Diphasiastrum, Lycopodiella and Huperzia were once included within this genus, but are now recognized as being distinct. Some workers also segregate several more genera, including Dendrolycopodium for L. obscurum and related species, and Spinulum for L. annotinum and related species.

The spores of Lycopodium and Diphasiastrum species have been harvested and used economically as Lycopodium powder.

Contents 1 Species 1.1 Section Lycopodium 1.2 Section Obscura (Dendrolycopodium) 1.3 Section Annotina (Spinulum) 1.4 Section Diphasium 1.5 Section Lycopodiastrum 1.6 Section Magellanica 1.7 Section Pseudolycopodium 1.8 Section Pseudodiphasium 1.9 Other Lycopodia 2 References

Species

Lycopodium dendroideum

Section Lycopodium

• Lycopodium aberdaricum (central and southern Africa)
• Lycopodium alboffii (southernmost South America and the Falkland Islands)
• Lycopodium centrochinense (east Asia (central China to India and the Philippines)
• Lycopodium clavatum (Stag's-horn Clubmoss; subcosmopolitan, see separate page for details)
• Lycopodium diaphanum (Tristan da Cunha)
• Lycopodium hygrophilum (New Guinea)
• Lycopodium interjectum (southwest China (Sichuan))
• Lycopodium japonicum (eastern Asia (Japan west and south to India and Sri Lanka))
• Lycopodium lagopus (circumpolar arctic and subarctic)
• Lycopodium papuanum (New Guinea)
• Lycopodium pullei (New Guinea)
• Lycopodium simulans (southwest China (Yunnan))
• Lycopodium taliense (southwest China (Yunnan))
• Lycopodium venustulum (Hawaii, Western Samoa, Society Islands)
• Lycopodium vestitum (northwest South America (Andes))

Section Obscura (Dendrolycopodium)

• Lycopodium dendroideum (northern North America)
• Lycopodium hickeyi (northeastern North America)
• Lycopodium juniperoideum (northeast Asia (central Siberia southeast to Taiwan))
• Lycopodium obscurum (northeast North America, northeast Asia)

Section Annotina (Spinulum)

• Lycopodium alticola (southwest China)
• Lycopodium annotinum (stiff clubmoss or interrupted clubmoss; circumpolar north temperate)
• Lycopodium dubium (cold temperate and subarctic Europe and Asia; treated as a synonym of L. annotinum by some authors)
• Lycopodium subarcticum (northeast Siberia)
• Lycopodium zonatum (southeast Tibet)

Section Diphasium

• Lycopodium gayanum (south-central Chile and adjacent westernmost Argentina)
• Lycopodium jussiaei (northern South America, Caribbean)
• Lycopodium scariosum (southeastern Australia, New Zealand, Borneo (Mount Kinabalu))

Section Lycopodiastrum

• Lycopodium casuarinoides (southeast Asia (Japan to Bhutan and Borneo))

Section Magellanica

• Lycopodium fastigiatum (southeastern Australia, New Zealand)
• Lycopodium magellanicum (South and Central America (Andes), southern Atlantic Ocean and southern Indian Ocean islands)

Section Pseudolycopodium

• Lycopodium deuterodensum, tree club moss (eastern Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand) — has appressed leaves; height approximately 600 mm

Section Pseudodiphasium

• Lycopodium spectabile (Java)
• Lycopodium volubile, climbing club moss (southwest Pacific Ocean islands (New Zealand north to Java), Australia (Queensland)) — found along bush margins and disturbed ground; has a creeping habit and can climb up vegetation

Other Lycopodia

• Lycopodium assurgens (Brazil (Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina))
• Lycopodium confertum (southern South America and the Falkland Islands)
• Lycopodium minchegense (southeast China (Fujian))
• Lycopodium paniculatum (southern South America (Andes))

References

1. ^ The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2008

• Species list (takes a broad view of the genus, including the species here separated in the genus Diphasiastrum)
• Burning Lycopodium Powder: Simulating a Grain Elevator Explosion by Kevin A. Boudreaux

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)