(virology) A genus of the viral family Rhabdoviridae that is characterized by a bullet-shaped enveloped virion covered with projections that contains one molecule of linear, negative-sense, single-stranded ribonucleic acid, the causative agent of rabies.
Lyssavirus
| Sci-Tech Dictionary: Lyssavirus |
(′līs·ə′vī·rəs)
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A genus in the family Rhabdoviridae that contains rabies virus, mokola virus, lagos virus, Australian bat lyssavirus, and Duvenhage virus.
| Wikipedia: Lyssavirus |
This article is about the rabiform virus. For the hemorrhagic fever-causing Lassa virus, see Lassa fever.
| Lyssavirus | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group V ((-)ssRNA) |
| Order: | Mononegavirales |
| Family: | Rhabdoviridae |
| Genus: | Lyssavirus |
| Type species | |
| Rabies virus |
|
| Species | |
|
Aravan virus |
|
Lyssavirus (from a word meaning frenzy) is a genus of viruses belonging to the family Rhabdoviridae, in the order Mononegavirales. This group of RNA viruses includes the Rabies virus traditionally associated with the disease.
Contents |
Virology
Structure
Viruses typically have either helical or cubic symmetry. Lyssaviruses have helical symmetry, so their infectious particles are approximately cylindrical in shape. This is typical of plant-infecting viruses. Human-infecting viruses more commonly have cubic symmetry and take shapes approximating regular polyhedra.
The structure consists of a spiked outer envelope, a middle region consisting of protein M, and an inner ribonucleocapsid complex region, consisting of the genome associated with other proteins.
Genome
Lyssavirus genomes consist of a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA molecule that codes for five different viral proteins, which include polymerase L, matrix protein M, phosphoprotein P, nucleoprotein N, and glycoprotein G.
Based on recent evidence, Lyssaviruses are categorized into seven major genotypes. In addition, there have been four genotypes recently discovered, and these are West Caucasian Bat virus, Aravan Virus, Khujand virus, and Irkut virus.[1] The major genotypes include Rabies virus (genotype 1), Lagos bat virus (2), Mokola virus (3), Duvenhage virus (4), European Bat lyssaviruses 1 and 2 (5 and 6), and Australian bat lyssavirus (7). Based on biological properties of the viruses, these genotypes are further subdivided into phylogroups 1 and 2. Phylogroup 1 includes genotypes 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7, while phylogroup 2 includes genotypes 2 and 3. The nucleocapsid region of lyssavirus is fairly highly conserved from genotype to genotype across both phylogroups; however, experimental data has shown that lyssavirus strains used in vaccinations are only from the first genotype of the first phylogroup.[2]
Epidemiology
Genotype 1, classic rabies, is prevalent throughout the world and can be carried by any mammal. The other genotypes (types 2 through 7) have much less diversity in carriers. Only select hosts can carry each of the genotypes. Also, these other genotypes are particular only to a specific geographic area. Bats are known to be an animal vector for all but one of the seven genotypes, the one being Mokola virus.
References
- ^ Kuzmin, I. (2005). "Phylogenetic relationships of Irkut and West Caucasian bat viruses within the genus and suggested quantitative criteria based on the N gene sequence for lyssavirus genotype definition". Virus Research 111: 28–25. doi:.
- ^ Badrane, H.; Bahloul, C.; Perrin, P.; Tordo, N. (2001). "Evidence of Two Lyssavirus Phylogroups with Distinct Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity". Journal of Virology 75: 3268. doi:.
Bibliography
- Botvinkin (2003). "Novel lyssaviruses isolated from bats in Russia". Emerging infectious diseases 9 (12): 1623–5. PMID 14720408.
- Arai (2003). "New lyssavirus genotype from the Lesser Mouse-eared Bat (Myotis blythi), Kyrghyzstan". Emerging infectious diseases 9 (3): 333–7. PMID 12643828.
- World Health Organization (2005) (PDF). WHO Expert Consulation on Rabies. WHO technical report series. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. ISSN 0512-3054. ISBN 92-4-120931-3. http://www.who.int/rabies/ExpertConsultationOnRabies.pdf.
External links
- ViralZone: Lyssavirus
- Lyssavirus — from PathoSystems Resource Integration Center (PATRIC)
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
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 | Rhabdoviridae (virology) |
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| Medical Dictionary. The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Read more |
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