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The 28th Māori Battalion, or more commonly known as the Maori Battalion, was part of the second New Zealand Expeditionary Force (2NZEF) during World War II.
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Background
The 28th Māori Battalion was formed following pressure on the Labour government by the Māori MPs and Māori organisations throughout the country wanting a full Māori unit to be raised for service overseas. Its Companies were organised along tribal lines.
The Maori Battalion followed in the footsteps of the Pioneer Battalion of WWI which had been very successful, and was wanted by Maori to raise their profile, and to serve alongside their Pākehā compatriots as citizens of the British Empire. It also gave a generation of people with a well-noted military ancestry a chance to test their own warrior skills.
Deployment
The men were initially sent to Britain, when the perceived invasion threat from the German Wehrmacht threat was at its height, but when this did not eventuate they sailed from England to Egypt and then to Greece. The battalion went into action in Greece for the first time on April 15, 1941.They were evacuated, and were then involved in the brief and bitter defence of Crete.
Following this they had brief spells in Libya and Syria, before joining the 8th Army's long campaign in the deserts of North Africa that culminated in the Battle of El Alamein.
They pursued Erwin Rommel's Africa Korps until it was driven out of North Africa, leading to Rommel's famous remark "Give me the Maori Battalion and I will conquer the world."[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] . They then went to Italy, where at the Battle of Monte Cassino the Maori Battalion lost 300 killed in some of its fiercest fighting of the war.
Such was the respect for the Maori Battalion that they were frequently used as a spearhead unit. General Bernard Freyberg, the General Officer Commanding of the 2nd NZEF, commented "No infantry had a more distinguished record, or saw more fighting, or, alas, had such heavy casualties, as the Maori Battalion."
The 28th Battalion were pulled out of the frontline on December 21 1944.
A 270-strong contingent was sent to Japan as part of the occupation force, and the rest of the Maori Battalion returned to Wellington on January 23 1946.
Statistics
3,500 joined the 28th Maori Battalion. Of those, 655 died, and 1,949 were wounded or taken prisoner. Altogether 17,000 Maori took part in WW2.
Commanding Officers
- Lt-Col G.Dittmer.............. 29 Jan 1940 - 7 Feb 1942*
- Lt-Col H.G. Dyer.............. 7 Feb 1942 - 13 May 1942
- Lt-Col E. Te W. Love....... 13 May 1942 - 12 July 1942
- Lt-Col F. Baker............... 13 July 1942 - 2 Nov 1942
- Lt-Col C.M. Bennett.......... 2 Nov 1942 - 20 April 1943
- Lt-Col K.A. Keiha............ 22 April 1943 - 11 Sep 1943
- Lt-Col M.C. Fairbrother.... 11 Sep 1943 - 27 Dec 1943
- Lt-Col R.R.T. Young........ 27 Dec 1943 - 27 Jul 1944
- Lt-Col A. Awatere............ 18 Mov 1944 - 29 Aug 1944
- Lt-Col R.R.T. Young, DSO........ 29 Aug 1944 - 18 Nov 1944
- Lt-Col A. Awatere,............ 18 Nov 1944 - 21 Jun 1945
- Lt-Col J.C. Henare........... 21 Jun 1945 - 23 Jan 1946
*After Lt-Col. Dittmer was wounded on 23 Nov 1941 Capt. Love commanded the battalion until 7 December. Lt-Col Dyer then took command but was not officially given that appointment until 7 Feb 1942.
Honours and Awards during World War II
Victoria Cross
One member of the Māori Battalion:
was awarded the Victoria Cross during the War.
In December 2005 the Waitangi Tribunal released their finding to a claim that was lodged by iwi Te Arawa, in 2000, for a Māori Battalion member, Haane Manahi. Te Arawa lodged that Manahi should be posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for bravery at the Battle of Takrouna in 1943. Sergeant Manahi led his men up a sheer limestone escarpment to capture positions; the following day he set out to capture Italian outposts. Four generals, including Harold Alexander, Bernard Freyberg, Howard Kippenberger and Bernard Law Montgomery had recommended that Manahi receive the Victoria Cross but this recommendation had been downgraded in London, to a Distinguished Conduct Medal. 12
In October 2006 the New Zealand Minister of Defence announced that Manahi would be recognised by the presentation of an altar cloth, a personal letter from the Queen acknowledging his gallantry and a sword. The Victoria Cross could not be awarded as King George VI had ruled in 1949 that no further awards from World War II ought to be made. 3 The award was presented at a ceremony in Rotorua by Prince Andrew to Manahi's son on 17 March 2007.[6]
Distinguished Service Order
- Lt-Col A.Awatere, MC,
- Lt-Col F.Baker,
- Lt-Col C.M.Bennet,
- Lt-Col G.Dittmer, MBE, MC,
- Lt-Col R.R.T. Young,
- Maj J.C.Henare,
- Lt M.Wikiriwhi
Member of the Order of the British Empire
- Mr C.B Bennet (YMCA, attached)
Bar to Military Cross
- Capt J.S.Baker, MC
- Capt W.Porter, MC
- Capt R.Royal
Military Cross
- Maj W.S.L.Mcrae
- Maj H.W.Northcroft
- Maj W.Reedy
- Capt A.Awatere
- Capt C.N.D'Arcy (NZMC, attached)
- Capt I.G. Harris
- Capt K.A. Keiha
- Capt H.C.A.Lambert
- Capt J.Matehaere
- Capt P.F.Te H.Ornberg
- Capt R.Royal
- Capt Te M.R.Tomoana
- Capt M.Wikiriwhi, DSO
- Lt W.Porter
- Lt Te R.W.Tibble
- Lt J.P.Tikao-Barrett
- 2 Lt J.S.Baker
- 2 Lt B.G.Christy
- 2 Lt A.Huata
- 2 Lt P.O.Lambly
- Rev W.Te T.Huata (Chaplain, attached)
Distinguished Conduct Medal
- WO I M.T.Mcrae
- WO I A.C.Wood
- Sgt R.Davis
- Sgt J.W.Mataira
- L-Sgt H.Manahi
- Cpl H.K.Barrett
- Cpl P.Rakena
- Cpl W.Teneti
- Cpl N.Tuakti
- Pte T.Heka
- Pte L.Helmbright
- Pte P.Maangi
- Pte C.Shelford
See also
References
- ^ http://www.forachange.co.uk/browse/2285.html
- ^ http://www.28maoribattalion.org.nz/memory/the-m%C4%81ori-chaplains
- ^ http://books.google.ca/books?id=C7j-AzlcTzoC&pg=PA94&lpg=PA94&dq=%22Give+me+the+Maori+Battalion+and+I+will+conquer+the+world.&source=bl&ots=vbFSjlKndD&sig=kJ6HzoYspgkhI8EnMzACanqasuE&hl=en&ei=l2AyS663IoWKswOY9ci6BA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CBgQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=%22Give%20me%20the%20Maori%20Battalion%20and%20I%20will%20conquer%20the%20world.&f=false
- ^ http://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/opinion/willie-jackson/2374818/A-prayer-for-our-country
- ^ http://www.28maoribattalion.org.nz/memory/impressions-pilgrimage-cruise-28th
- ^ "Queen recognises Maori soldier's bravery". New Zealand Herald. 17 March 2007. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10429319.
Further reading
- 'The Official History Of New Zealand In The Second World War 1939-45 ~ Maori (28th) Battalion' written by J.F.Cody, of the War History Branch New Zealand in 1955. - Set up, Printed and Bound in New Zealand by Coulls Somerville Wilkie Ltd., based in Dunedin, and Distributed by Whitcombe and Tombs Ltd. in 1956.
- Alistair Te Ariki Campbell, Maori Battalion: A Poetic Sequence (Wellington: Wai-te-ata Press, 2001). The sequence is dedicated "To the Memory of my Brother / Private 446853 / Stuart Alexander Maireriki Campbell / 28 (Maori) Battalion / Killed in Action / 11 April 1945". ISBN 1-877159-11-5
External links
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