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| Sayyed Mahmoud Hessaby | |
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 Prof. Sayyed Mahmoud Hessaby
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| Born | 23 February 1903 Tehran, Iran |
| Died | 3 August 1992 (aged 89) at Geneva Cardiac Hospital and buried in Tafresh, Iran |
| Nationality |  Iranian |
| Ethnicity | Iranian |
| Fields | Physics, Civil Engineering and adjacent fields |
| Alma mater | Princeton, Sorbonne, École Superieure d'Electricité |
| Known for | Founder of University of Tehran, Inventing, Légion d'honneur, “Continuous particles” or “Infinitely extended particles” theory, Education Minister in Iran, Founding father of modern Phyics and Engineering in Iran and other national contributions |
Sayyed Mahmoud Hessaby (in Persian سید محمود حسابی - alternative spellings: Mahmood Hesabi) (February 23, 1903, Tehran — September 3, 1992, Geneva) was a prominent Shia Muslim and Iranian scientist, researcher and distinguished professor of University of Tehran. During the congress on "60 years of physics in Iran" the services rendered by him were deeply appreciated and he was entitled "the father of modern Physics in Iran".
Hessaby was born in Tehran to Abbas and Goharshād Hessaby.
In 1947, he published his classic paper on "Continuous particles". Following this, in 1957 he proposed his model of "Infinitely extended particles". The medal of the commandeur de la Légion d'honneur, France's highest scientific medal, was awarded to him for his achievements.
Professor Seyyed Mahmoud Hessaby, the father of modern physics and modern engineering of Iran, is one of distinguished contemporary scientists of the country. Known as modern Iran's Einstein, he was the founder of Tehran university and lectured. Therefor all his academic life as Professor of physics, and during his 60 years of working life, established many scientific, industrial, cultural and research organizations.[1].
As Hesaby wished, he was buried in his motherland, Tafresh.
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Education
Professor Hessaby was a Polymath [1]. He studied different fields and continued lecturing at University of Tehran for three working generations, teaching seven generations of students and professors.
Early Years
When he was seven, the family moved from Iran to Beirut in Lebanon where he attended school. Around this time he learnt the Qur'an by heart and started to read the canonical texts of the Persian literature.
Arts and Sciences Bachelor in Lebanon
At seventeen he obtained his Bachelor's in Arts and Sciences from the American University of Beirut. Later he obtained his B.A. in civil engineering while working as a draftsman. He continued his studies and as a graduate of the Engineering school of Beirut.
Civil Engineering and Physics in France
He was admitted to the École Superieure d'Electricité and in 1925 graduated from this school at the same time he was employed by the SNCF (French National Railway) and started working in electric locomotive maintenance department He had a scientific mind and continued his research in Physics at the Sorbonne University and obtained his Ph.D. in Physics from that University at the age of twenty-five.
Accomplishments
According to the Professor Hessaby Institute, the following were some of his accomplishments:
- Founding the Highway Engineering school and teaching there from 1928
- Survey and drawing of the first coastal road-map between Persian Gulf ports
- Founding the "teachers college" and teaching there from 1928
- Construction of the first radio-set in Iran (1928)
- Construction of the first weather-station in 1931
- Installation and operation of the first radiology center in Iran in 1931
- Calculation and setting of Iranian time (1932)
- Founding the first private hospital in Iran (Goharshad Hospital) in 1933
- Writing the University carechair and founding Tehran University (1934)
- Founding the Engineering school in 1934 and acting as the dean of that school until 1936 and teaching there from then on
- Founding the faculty of science and acting as its dean from 1942 to 1948
- Commissioned for the dispossession of British Petroleum Company during the government of Dr Mossadegh and appointed as the first general manager of the National Iranian Oil Company
- Minister of Education in the cabinet of Dr. Mossadegh from 1951 to 1952
- Opposing the contract with the consortium while in the Senate of Iran in 1954
- Opposing the membership of Iran in CENTO
- Founding the Telecommunication Center of Assad-Abad in Hamedan (1959)
- Writing the standards charter for the standards Institute of Iran (1954)
- Founding the Geophysical Institute of Tehran University (1961)
- Title of distinguished professor of Tehran University from 1971
- Founding the atomic research center and atomic reactor at Tehran University
- Founding the atomic Energy center of Iran, member of the UN scientific sub-committee of peaceful use of member of the international space committee (1981)
- Establishment of Iran's space research committee and member of the international space committee (1981)
- Establishment of the Iranian music society and founding the Persian language Academy
Awards and honours
- Légion d'honneur; 1951: Officier, 1956: Commandeur, France.
- Father of Iranian Physics, By Iran's Physical Society.
Key publications
- Hessaby M, Model of an Infinite Particle, JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE ET LE RADIUM 18 (5): 323-326 1957
- Souchay P, Hessaby A, Confirmation et Nature de Faibles Acidites des Acidites Periodique et Tellurique, BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE CHIMIQUE DE FRANCE 20 (6): 614-621 1953
- Hessaby A, Souchay P, Etude des Periodates et Tellurates de Lithium, BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE CHIMIQUE DE FRANCE 20 (6): 606-614 1953
- Souchay P, Hessaby A, Existe-T-IL des Sels Basiques Dargent, BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE CHIMIQUE DE FRANCE 20 (6): 599-606 1953
- Hessaby M, Theoretical Evidence for the Existence of a Light-Charged Particle of Mass Greater than That of the Electron, Physical Review, Vol. 73, Issue 9, p. 1128 (1948). APS
- Hessaby M, Continuous Particles, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 189-194 (1947). JSTOR
- Hessaby M, Continuous Particles, Proceedings of the American Physical Society, Minutes of the Meeting at Montreal, June 19-21, 1947, Physical Review, Vol. 72, No. 6, p. 536 (1947). APS
Research and Writing
His research and writings included [1]:
Cultural
- The Hessaby Dictionary
- Dictionary of Iranian Names
- Articles for the Establishment of the University of Tehran-1933
- Treatise on "Our Path"-1935
- Physics textbook for first year in high school-1939
- Minutes of the meeting of the National Academy of Science-1947
- Rules for the University of Tehran Budget-1961
- The New Physics and the Philosophy of Ancient Percia-1963
- Genealogical Tree of the Hessaby Family-1967
- The Power of the Persian Language- 1971
- "Complete Poetical Works of Hessaby", from the 17th century-1975
- "Roots of Persian Words"-1989
- "Specialized Terms in Physics"-1961_1990
- Dictionary of "French Verbs-Persian Verbs"
- "The how of Iranian History"
- Research on and Interpretation of the Poetry of Hafez
- Research on the "Golestan" of Saadi
- Research on the Poetry of Baba Taher
- Research on the "Shahnameh" of Ferdowsi
- "In Memory of Albert Einstein" on the occasion of his death (1955)
Scientific
- Doctoral dissertation "Sensitivity of Photoelectric Cells", Sorbonne University Press, 1927
- Thesis in "The Interpretation of Dubrois Waves", in French, 1945
- "Structure of Essential Particles of the Nucleus of an Atom in Einstein's Theory of Relativity", Princeton University, 1946
- Article on "Connected Particles", National Academy of Science, U.S., 1947
- "The Effect of Matter on the Path of Light" as co-researcher at the Nuclear-science Institute, Chicago, 1947
- "The Correction of Newton's Law of Gravity". "Maxwell's Law of the Electromagnetic Field" 1947
- "The Effect of Matter on the Path of Light and the Deviation of Light Waves on the Surface of Matter", Nuclear Science Institute, Chicago, 1947
- "The Deviation of Light Waves in the Presence of Matter", research at the University of Chicago, 1948
- Book entitled, "Electrodynamics"
- Book entitled, "Electric Eye"
- Book entitled, "Viewpoint in Physics", University of Tehran, 1961
- Book entitled, "Magnetic Eye", University of Tehran, 1966
- Book entitled, "Solid State Physics", University of Tehran, 1969
- Book entitled, "Quantum View" University of Tehran, 1979
- Continuation of research on "The Structure of Essential Particles of the Nucleus of an Atom", University of Tehran; laboratory research on "The Transmission of Light through Matter" College of Science, University of Tehran - Thesis on "The Theory of the Diffusion of Infinite Particles", University of Tehran, 1997
- Research on the formula for the Law of Gravity
- Research on the formula for the Law of Electrical Attraction
- Research on the formula for the Law of the Electromagnetic Field
- Research on the breakage of light near solid matter
- Research on lasers
- Research on nuclear magnetic resonance
Languages he spoke
He spoke five living languages: Persian, French, English, German and Arabic and he also knew (to some extent) Sanskrit, Latin, Greek, Pahlavi, Avestan, Turkish and Italian which he used for his etymological studies.
Professor Hessaby Musuem
The Museum Of Professor Hessaby is a collection of some of his personal belongings and his communications with various scientific, and cultural distinguished figures.
The museum has been established by his family, colleagues and students in order to value his 60 years of scientific, educational and cultural activities, and to set an example for young generation of Iran, students in particular, of a hard working contemporary scientist, who despite his hard childhood lead a successful life and contributed greats towards his country's progress by establishing many scientific, industrial, cultural and research centers in Iran among which one can name Tehran University, the first modern university in the country.
Every item of the museum is a reminder of a corner of his life and bears a valuable lesson of life.
Professor Hessaby Museum is situated in his personal house, north of Tehran, and visited daily by many visitors from different scientific, cultural and educational institutes and organisations, free of charge.
Professor Hessaby Foundation
Professor Hessaby Foundation, was established to continue all different aspects of his work, highlighting his belief that giving priority to reaserch and researchers is the basis of scientific and industrial progress of a country.
Children
A son, who is an engineer and in charge of the Institute named after him, and a daughter.
Introducing the Theory of Infinitely Extended Particles
According to his official site [1]: The difficulties with which the concept of point-like particles is beset, such as the infinities encountered in the existing theories of elementary particles, suggest a different approach to the study of these particles. Instead of restricting ourselves to the concept of point-like particles, we should extend our investigation to the implications of the concept of particles having infinite extension. Such a particle should consist of a continuous distribution of energy over all space, the energy density tending to zero at infinity.
To achieve this aim, we introduce into the theory of general relativity the postulate that the gravitational, electric and nuclear fields are special cases of a more general field. An expression is obtained for the gravitational potential which differs from the usual expression of the potential accepted in general relativity, and which gives an energy density for the particle at every point of space, the integral of which over all space is equal to the mass of the particle, the greatest part of the mass being concentrated near the center of the spherical pattern constituting the particle.
When inserted in Dirac's wave equation, this potential gives the values of the masses of baryons. When inserted in the Klein-Gordon equation, this potential gives the values of the masses of mesons. The particle is thus seen to consist of the energy of its field. No infinities are encountered in the integration's. The same result is obtained for a charged particle.
The charge density is spread out over all space and the integrals of the charge density and energy density are respectively equal to the charge and mass of the particle. The electric potential thus obtained is inserted in Diary's wave equation, and gives a sales of equations of increasing degree, the first of which gives the mass of the muon.In addition to the expressions obtained for the electric and gravitational potentials, an expression is found for a potential which has the form of a dipole potential.
See also
Resources
- Dr. Mahmoud Hessaby at website of University of Tehran.
- his biography in Persian
- درباره دکتر محمود حسابی
- پروفسور محمود حسابی
External links
- Mahmoud Hessaby Home Page
- Infinitely extended particles
- Doctor Hasabi Museum, Tajrish Avenue, Maqsud-Beek Street, Professor Doctor Hesabi Street, No. 8, Tehran, Iran. (English), (Persian)
- Professor Mahmoud Hessaby, Iranian Personalities, Iran Chamber Society.
- پروفسور محمود حسابی پدر فيزيك ايران
References
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