Anton Semyonovich Makarenko (Ukrainian: Антон Семенович Макаренко, Russian: Антон Семёнович Макаренко, Bilopillia 1888– Moscow, 1939) was a Ukrainian and Soviet educator and writer, one of the founders of the Soviet pedagogy, who elaborated the theory and methodology of upbringing in self-governing child collectives and of introducing productive labor into the educational system.
In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution he established self-supporting orphanages for street children - including juvenile delinquents - left orphaned by the Russian Civil War. Among these establishments were the Gorky Colony and later the Dzerzhinsky Commune. Although there was some opposition by the authorities at the early stages of Makarenko's "experiments"[1], the Soviet establishment eventually came to hail his colonies as a grand success in Communist education and rehabilitation. Among his key ideas were "as much exigence towards the person as possible and as much respect for him as possible", the use of positive peer pressure on the individual by the collective, and institutionalized self-government and self-management of that collective. He also rejected physical punishment.[1]
Makarenko wrote several books, of which The Pedagogical Poem (Педагогическая поэма), a fictionalized story of the Gorky Colony, was especially popular in the USSR.
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External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Anton Makarenko |
- www.makarenko.edu.ru Web-site dedicated to the life, work and creative heritage of A. S. (Russian)
- A profile of Makarenko by Soviet educator G. N. Filonov, published by UNESCO
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