Malformative syndrome

A malformative syndrome (or malformation syndrome) is a recognizable pattern of congenital anomalies that are known or thought to be causally related (VIIth International Congress on Human Genetics).

Causes

• exogenous causes
  • exogenous toxic (teratogenetic agents)
  • ionizing radiations
  • fetal infections (maternofetal infections)

• genetic causes (or intrinsic causes) (genetic malformative diseases)
  • chromosomal anomalies (chromosomal malformative diseases)
  • numerical chromosomal anomalies (e.g. trisomy 13, trisomy 18, trisomy 21)
  • structural chromosomal anomalies
    • microdeletions (microdeletion syndromes)
    • chromosomal rearrangements

• gene mutations (monogenic malformative diseases)
  • Kabuki mask syndrome: MLL2
  • Joubert syndrome, Meckel syndrome and related syndromes: TMEM216
  • cleft lip with and without cleft palate: MAFB and ABCA4
  • Schinzel-Giedion syndrome: SETBP1
  • Fanconi anemia and related disorders: RAD51C
  • Noonan syndrome: NRAS
  • generalized lymph vessel dysplasia: CCBE1
  • brachydactyly-anonychia: SOX9
  • genetic metabolic diseases
    • Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome

See also

• malformative combination (malformation combination)
• malformative sequence (malformation sequence)
• malformative association (malformation association)
• Congenital abnormality
• Malformative syndrome
• ICD-10 Chapter Q: Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities
• List of congenital disorders
• List of ICD-9 codes 740-759: Congenital anomalies
• March of Dimes

References

External links

• CDC’s National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
• Comprehensive coverage of congenital disorders and birth defects at Answers.com
• Congenital Anomalies, official journal of the Japanese Teratology Society
• Stop CMV - The CMV Action Network