Marblehead

Marblehead, Massachusetts
—  Town  —
Marblehead Neck as viewed from the Landing on State Street.
Seal
Location in Essex County in Massachusetts
Coordinates: 42°30′00″N 70°51′30″W / 42.5°N 70.85833°W / 42.5; -70.85833
Country	United States
State	Massachusetts
County	Essex
Settled	1629
Incorporated	1639
Government
- Type	Open town meeting
Area
- Total	19.6 sq mi (50.8 km2)
- Land	4.5 sq mi (11.7 km2)
- Water	15.1 sq mi (39.1 km2)
Elevation	65 ft (20 m)
Population (2000)
- Total	20,377
- Density	4,498.9/sq mi (1,737.0/km2)
Time zone	Eastern (UTC-5)
- Summer (DST)	Eastern (UTC-4)
ZIP code	01945
Area code(s)	339 / 781
FIPS code	25-38400
GNIS feature ID	0618300
Website	http://www.marblehead.org
Town Website

Marblehead is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 20,377 at the 2000 census. It is home to the Marblehead Neck Wildlife Sanctuary. A town with roots in both commercial fishing and yachting, locals purport that Marblehead is both the birthplace of the American Navy and a yachting capital of the United States.

History

Marblehead was first settled as a plantation of Salem in 1629 by John Peach Sr., then set off and incorporated in 1649. Originally called Massebequash after the river which ran between it and Salem, the land was inhabited by the Naumkeag tribe of Indians under the sachem, Nanepashemet. But epidemics in 1615–1619 and 1633, believed to be smallpox, devastated the tribe. Heirs of Nanepashemet would sell their 3,700 acres (15 km²) on September 16, 1684, the deed preserved today at the town hall.

At times called Marvell Head, Marble Harbour (by Captain John Smith) and Foy (by immigrants from Fowey, Cornwall), the town would be named Marblehead by settlers who mistook its granite ledges for marble. It began as a fishing village with narrow, crooked streets, and grew inland from the harbor. The shoreline smelled of drying fish, typically cod, which were exported abroad and to Salem. The town peaked economically just prior to the Revolution, as locally financed privateering vessels pirated the seas for bounty from large European ships. Much early architecture survives from the era, including the Jeremiah Lee Mansion.

A large percentage of residents became involved early in the fight for American freedom, and the sailors of Marblehead are generally recognized by scholars as forerunners of the American Navy. The first vessel commissioned for the navy, the Hannah, was equipped with cannons, rope, provision (including the indigenous "Joe Frogger" molasses/sea water cookie)—and a crew from Marblehead. With their nautical backgrounds, soldiers from Marblehead, under General John Glover were instrumental in the escape of the Continental army after the Battle of Long Island, and Marblehead men ferried George Washington across the Delaware River for his attack on Trenton. Many who set out for war, however, did not return. Indeed, the community lost a substantial portion of its population and economy. After the conflict, fishing would remain important, with 98 vessels (95 of which exceeded 50 tons) putting to sea in 1837. But a gale or hurricane at the Grand Banks of Newfoundland on September 19, 1846 sank 11 vessels and damaged others. With 65 men and boys lost in the storm, the town's fishing industry began a decline.

During the late 1800s, Marblehead experienced a short-term boom from shoe-making factories. At the same time, the exceptional harbor attracted yachting and yacht clubs. It would become home to the Boston Yacht Club, Corinthian Yacht Club, Eastern Yacht Club, Marblehead Yacht Club, Dolphin Yacht Club, and the oldest junior yacht club in America, the Pleon Yacht Club.

After World War II, the town enjoyed a population boom, as a bedroom community for Boston, Lynn and Salem. This boom ended around 1970 when the town became built out.

Front Street in 1914

Lee Mansion in c. 1905

The Harbor in 1908

Lafayette House, c. 1908

Geography

Marblehead is located at 42°29′49″N 70°51′47″W / 42.49694°N 70.86306°W / 42.49694; -70.86306 (42.497146, -70.863236).^[1]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 19.6 square miles (50.8 km²), of which, 4.5 square miles (11.7 km²) of it is land and 15.1 square miles (39.1 km²) of it (76.92%) is water. Marblehead is situated on Massachusetts Bay and Salem Bay. The town consists of a rocky peninsula that extends into the Atlantic Ocean, with a neck connected by a long sandbar. This ring of land defines Marblehead's deep, sheltered harbor.

Demographics

Old Bowen House in c. 1905

As of the census^[2] of 2000, there were 20,377 people, 8,541 households, and 5,679 families residing in the town. The population density was 4,498.9 people per square mile (1,736.8/km²). There were 8,906 housing units at an average density of 1,966.3/sq mi (759.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.56% White, 0.44% Black or African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.98% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.19% from other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.88% of the population.

There were 8,541 households out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.94.

The Old Spite House in c. 1912

In the town the population was spread out with 23.9% under the age of 18, 3.5% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 29.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 89.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.3 males.

According to a 2007 estimate^[3], the median income for a household in the town was $84,473, and the median income for a family was $110,850. Males had a median income of $70,470 versus $44,988 for females. The per capita income for the town was $46,738. About 3.2% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.7% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Marblehead Public Schools oversees eight schools: Bell School, Coffin School, Eveleth School, Gerry School, Glover School, Village School, Marblehead Veterans Middle School, and Marblehead High School.^[4] The town is also home to the Marblehead Community Charter Public School, the first Commonwealth charter school to open in Massachusetts.

Points of interest

• Crocker Park, the gift of Uriel Crocker
• Crowninshield Island
• Devereux Beach
• Herreshoff Castle
• Marblehead Neck Wildlife Sanctuary [1]
• The Driftwood
• The Lighthouse
• Pleon Yacht Club, the oldest junior yacht club in the United States. [2]

Historical Sites & Museums

• Abbot Hall (1877), containing The Spirit of '76 by Archibald MacNeal Willard
• Fort Sewall (1644)
• Frost Folk Art Museum
• G.A.R. & Civil War Museum
• King Hooper Mansion (1768)
• Jeremiah Lee Mansion (1768)
• Pride Rock (Conservation Land)

Notable residents

• Keith Ablow, psychiatrist, writer and was host/executive producer of the The Dr. Keith Ablow Show
• Frank Black, contemporary musician
• Sheldon Brown, bicycle mechanic.
• W. Starling Burgess, yacht designer & aircraft manufacturer
• Uriel Crocker, publisher, businessman
• Susan Estrich, lawyer, professor, author, political operative
• Shalane Flanagan, American-record holding distance runner
• J.O.J. Frost, primitive artist
• Elbridge Gerry, 5th Vice President of the United States
• Julia Glass, novelist
• John Glover, Revolutionary War general
• Tyler Hamilton, cyclist
• Ted Hood, yachtsman, America's Cup winner
• Katherine Howe, novelist
• Ada Louise Huxtable, architecture critic
• Willard Bramwell Jackson, sailing photographer
• Ruth Edna Kelley, author
• Harry Kemelman, novelist
• Peter Lynch, investor, author
• Joseph Story, Supreme Court justice
• Cory Schneider, Vancouver Canucks top-prospect goaltender
• Bill Duval, Alum of the Tufts Beelzebubs

Arts

Thunderstorm in c. 1910

Movies filmed in Marblehead include:

• Coma (1974)
• The Good Son (1993)
• Hocus Pocus (1993)
• Autumn Heart (2000)
• Treading Water (2001)
• Moonlight Mile (2002)
• The Witches of Eastwick
• What's the Worst That Could Happen? (although filmed in Manchester-by-the-Sea, scenes are said to be set in town)
• The Company Men (2010)
• Grown Ups (2010)

H. P. Lovecraft based his fictional Massachusetts town Kingsport on Marblehead. The real Marblehead, as well as Lovecraft himself, appears in the 1985 Richard A. Lupoff novel Lovecraft's Book. It also features in the eponymous 1978 Marblehead by Joan Thompson.

Lovecraft once visited Marblehead in December 1922 and described his voyage as:

"…the most powerful single emotional climax experienced during my nearly forty years of existence. In a flash all the past of New England--all the past of Old England—all the past of Anglo-Saxondom and the Western World—swept over me and identified me with the stupendous totality of all things in such a way as it never did before and never did again. That was the high tide of my life.".^[5]

Author Ben Sherwood set his novel The Death and Life of Charlie St. Cloud in Marblehead, featuring the Waterside Cemetery.

Harry Kemelman wrote a series of mystery novels around a character, "Rabbi Small", who solves various murder cases in a town very similar to Marblehead, nicknamed "Barnard's Crossing". Kemelman lived in Marblehead for 50 years.

Marblehead is referred to as the Birthplace of the American Navy.

Robert B. Parker supposedly based the fictional town of Paradise on Marblehead in his Jesse Stone book series, going so far as to include the annual Race Week yachting event.

References

• History and Traditions of Marblehead by Samuel Roads, Published 1880, 390 pages.

External links

View from Rockmere Point, ca. 1905

• Town of Marblehead
• Abbot Public Library
• [3]
• Marblehead.com
• Marblehead Museum & Historical Society
• Marblehead Racing Association
• Marblehead Reporter
• Marblehead Travel Guide
• Marblehead Chamber of Commerce
• Jewish Community Center of the North Shore (provides community programs for all families of Marblehead and surrounding communities)
• Symphony by the Sea
• 1912 Marblehead Atlas.
• 1881 Atlas of Marblehead published by Hopkins.
• 1897 Atlas of Salem, Danvers, Peabody, and Marblehead.

• Marblehead, Massachusetts is at coordinates 42°29′50″N 70°51′48″W / 42.497146°N 70.863236°W / 42.497146; -70.863236 (Marblehead, Massachusetts)Coordinates: 42°29′50″N 70°51′48″W / 42.497146°N 70.863236°W / 42.497146; -70.863236 (Marblehead, Massachusetts)

v • d • e Municipalities and communities of Essex County, Massachusetts Cities Amesbury | Beverly | Gloucester | Haverhill | Lawrence | Lynn | Methuen | Newburyport | Peabody | Salem Towns Andover | Boxford | Danvers | Essex | Georgetown | Groveland | Hamilton | Ipswich | Lynnfield | Manchester-by-the-Sea | Marblehead | Merrimac | Middleton | Nahant | Newbury | North Andover | Rockport | Rowley | Salisbury | Saugus | Swampscott | Topsfield | Wenham | West Newbury CDPs Andover | Boxford | Essex | Ipswich | Rockport | Rowley | Salisbury | Topsfield Other villages Annisquam | Ballardvale | Beverly Farms | Bradford | Byfield | Clifton | Plum Island