Margarita Xirgu
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Margarita Xirgu
(1888–1969) Catalan actress and director. Beginning her career in the Catalan language in Barcelona, where Oscar Wilde's Salome premièred in 1910, Xirgu moved into Castilian-language theatre after 1912. She dominated Madrid's stage with performances that merged the styles of melodrama with more realistic practice. Nurturing and promoting the work of living dramatists, including García Lorca, Rafael Alberti, and Alejandro Casona, and staging radical foreign plays, Xirgu helped cultivate the rich theatrical climate of pre-Civil War Spain. Touring in Latin America when the Civil War broke out, she chose to remain there until her death. She presented world premières in Buenos Aires of seminal works like Alberti's El adefesio (The Absurdity, 1944) and García Lorca's The House of Bernarda Alba (1945), which could not be officially staged in the censorious climate of Francoist Spain. She initiated various teaching methods in Chile and Uruguay which had a large impact on actor training in both countries.
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Margarita Xirgu
Margarita Xirgu, also Margarida Xirgu (18 June 1888, Molins de Rei, (Catalonia, Spain) – 25 April 1969, Montevideo, (Uruguay)) was a Catalan stage actress, who was greatly popular throughout her country and Latin America. A friend of the poet Federico García Lorca, she was forced into exile during Francisco Franco's dictatorship of Spain, but continued her work in America. Notable plays in which she appeared include Como tú me Deseas, La Casa de Bernarda Alba, and Mariana Pineda.
An opera, Ainadamar, by the composer Osvaldo Golijov and playwright David Henry Hwang, based on Xirgu's life and her association with Lorca, was premiered in 2003. A recording of the work released in 2006 on the Deutsche Grammophon label (Catalog #642902) won the 2007 Grammy awards for Best Classical Contemporary Composition and Best Opera Recording.
Biography
Born in Molins de Rei in 1888, her family moved first to Girona in 1890 and finally to Barcelona in 1896. Her first theater work was in 1906 with the Blanca character in Mar i Cel, in the Teatre Romea. In 1908 was really successful with Joventut de príncep in the Teatre Principal. After that, in 1909, she began her film career with Guzmán el Bueno. In 1910 she married Josep Arnall. In 1911 Àngel Guimerà wrote “La reina jove” for her, and that year she created her own theater company. In 1912 a Buenos Aires businessman contracted her for working in South America.
She starred in the early film version of Garcia Lorca's Bodas de sangre, filmed in February-March 1938, the only film version of a Garcia Lorca play to star an actress who was a personal friend of the author and who had appeared in his works onstage. It is Ms. Xirgu's only sound film, and it has never been shown on American television or released on video. It was first shown on Argentine television in January 1966.
Xirgu died in Maldonado in 1969, after she had become a Uruguayan citizen according to civil rights granted for exiles. In 1988 the Catalan government repatriated her remains and they are now buried in Molins de Rei.
Xirgu's biography was written by Catalan author Antonina Rodrigo.
External links
- Margarida Xirgu biography (Catalan)
- Margarita Xirgu's biography on the Uruguayan newspaper La República (Spanish)
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