Mariotte's bottle
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry:
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Mariotte bottle
or Mariotte flask
a device for providing a flow of liquid maintained at a constant pressure head; it is used, e.g., in column chromatography. It consists of a sealed flask, closed to the atmosphere, with an outlet at or near the bottom and an air inlet tube open to the atmosphere. The height of the bottom of the inlet tube is adjustable. When the flask is filled with liquid to a level above the bottom of the inlet tube the pressure of the liquid flowing from the flask is determined by the height of the bottom of the inlet tube above the outlet point. [After Abbé Edmé Mariotte (1620 — 84), French physicist.]
a device for providing a flow of liquid maintained at a constant pressure head; it is used, e.g., in column chromatography. It consists of a sealed flask, closed to the atmosphere, with an outlet at or near the bottom and an air inlet tube open to the atmosphere. The height of the bottom of the inlet tube is adjustable. When the flask is filled with liquid to a level above the bottom of the inlet tube the pressure of the liquid flowing from the flask is determined by the height of the bottom of the inlet tube above the outlet point. [After Abbé Edmé Mariotte (1620 — 84), French physicist.]
| Marcus theory, Manp, Mannich reaction | |
| Mariotte's law, Markham still, Markovnikov |
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Mariotte's bottle
Mariotte’s bottle is a device that delivers a constant rate of flow from closed bottles or tanks. It is named after French physicist Edme Mariotte (1620-1684). A picture of a bottle with a gas inlet is shown in the works of Mariotte,[1] but this construction was made to show the effect of outside pressure on mercury level inside the bottle. It further misses a siphon or an outlet for the liquid.
Invention
The design was first reported by McCarthy (1934).[2] As shown in the diagram, a stoppered reservoir is supplied with an air inlet and a siphon. The pressure at the bottom of the air inlet is always the same as the pressure outside the reservoir, i.e. the atmospheric pressure. If it were greater, air would not enter. If the entrance to the siphon is at the same depth, then it will always supply the water at atmospheric pressure and will deliver a flow under constant head height, regardless of the changing water level within the reservoir.
This apparatus has many variations in design and has been used extensively when a constant water pressure is needed, e.g. supplying water at constant head for measuring water infiltration into soil or supplying the mobile phase in chromatography.
The drawback of the design is that it is sensitive for gas inlet leakage and that during operation liquid cannot be added, since it would change the pressure control. Accurate control is nowadays provided by electronic devices.
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References
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Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry
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