Maubeuge (mōbözh'), city (1990 pop. 35,225), Nord dept., N France, on the Sambre River near the Belgian border. Railroad and heating equipment, machine tools, glass, and china are major manufactures. An abbey was founded on the site of Maubeuge by St. Aldegone in the 7th cent. During World War I the city was held by the Germans. Its position on an extension of the Maginot Line resulted in heavy destruction in World War II. Still standing are remains of fortifications built in 1685 by the famous military engineer Sébastien Vauban.
Maubeuge
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Coordinates: 50°16′39″N 3°58′24″E / 50.2775°N 03.9734°E
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Commune of Maubeuge |
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  Porte de Mons |
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| Location | |
  Maubeuge
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| Administration | |
|---|---|
| Country | France |
| Region | Nord-Pas-de-Calais |
| Department | Nord |
| Arrondissement | Avesnes-sur-Helpe |
| Canton | Maubeuge-Nord and Maubeuge-Sud |
| Intercommunality | Maubeuge Val de Sambre |
| Mayor | Rémi Pauvros (2001–2008) |
| Statistics | |
| Land area1 | 18.85 km2 (7.28 sq mi) |
| Population2 | 33,546 (1999) |
| - Density | 1,780 /km² (4,600 /sq mi) |
| Miscellaneous | |
| Postal code | 59600 |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
| 2 Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once. | |
Maubeuge is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.
It is situated on both banks of the Sambre (here canalized), 36 km (22 mi) east of Valenciennes and about 9 km (5.6 mi) from the Belgian border.
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History
Maubeuge (ancient Malbodium, from Latin, derived from the Old Frankish name Malboden, meaning "assizes of Boden") owes its origin to Maubeuge Abbey, a double monastery, for men and women, founded in the 7th century by Saint Aldego, the relics of whom are preserved in the church. It subsequently belonged to the territory of Hainaut. It was burnt by Louis XI of France, by Francis I of France, and by Henry II of France, and was finally assigned to France by the Treaty of Nijmegen.
It was fortified at Vauban by the command of Louis XIV of France, who under Turenne first saw military service there. Besieged in 1793 by Prince Josias of Coburg, it was relieved by the victory of Wattignies, which is commemorated by a monument in the town. It was unsuccessfully besieged in 1814, but was compelled to capitulate, after a vigorous resistance, in the Hundred Days.
As a fortress Maubeuge has an old enceinte of bastion trace which serves as the center of an important entrenched camp of 18 miles perimeter, constructed for the most part after the War of 1870, but since modernized and augmented.
The forts were besieged in World War I by the German Empire.
Economy
There are important foundries, forges and blast furnaces, together with manufactures of machine tools and porcelain.
The town has a board of trade arbitration, a communal college, a commercial and industrial school.
Tour de France
Maurice Garin, the winner of the inaugural 1903 Tour de France, began his cycling career in 1892 with the local Maubeuge cycling club, when he finished 5th in the Maubeuge-Hirson-Maubeuge, 200 kilometres (124 mi)race.[1] In 2003, on the 100th anniversary of his win, he was commemorated with a street named after him.
See also
- Siege of Maubeuge (24 August–7 September 1914)
- Communes of the Nord department
Sources
- INSEE (English)
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
Footnotes
External links
- Official website (in French)
- Webpage about the fortifications
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