| McDowell County, West Virginia | |
| Map | |
 Location in the state of West Virginia |
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 West Virginia's location in the U.S. |
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| Statistics | |
| Founded | 1858 |
|---|---|
| Seat | Welch |
| Area - Total - Land - Water |
535 sq mi (1,386 km²) 0 sq mi (0 km²), 0.03% |
| Population - (2000) - Density |
27,329 52/sq mi (20/km²) |
McDowell County is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of 2000, the population was 27,329. Its county seat is Welch[1]. McDowell county is the southern-most county in the state, geographically. It was created in 1858 by the Virginia General Assembly and named for Virginia Governor James McDowell. It became a part of West Virginia in 1863, when several counties seceded from the state of Virginia during the Civil War.
Contents |
History
McDowell County was formed from parts of Tazewell County, Virginia on February 20, 1858. It was named after James McDowell, a member of Congress and Governor of Virginia. For many years McDowell County was nicknamed the "Free state of McDowell" due to the independent spirit of its people and the relative isolation of its government. McDowell mountaineers led lives happily unencumbered by the power-brokers of Richmond. Their anti-slavery sympathies would lead McDowell County to rejoin the Union when the counties of West Virginia were signed into statehood by President Abraham Lincoln on June 20, 1863.
McDowell County was nationally known for its prominence in the coal mining industry, setting records for coal production and was a major player in the state's economy. Before the industry's decline that began in the 1950s, McDowell's population was almost at 100,000 residents, third highest in the state in 1950, then declined at a rapid pace in the following decades, setting the highest percentage in the state for population loss with each new census, as younger residents moved out of the county to seek better futures, leaving behind an older and increasingly impoverished population.
Through the 1960s and 1970s the demand for the county's metalurgical coal remained high. McDowell continued to lead the United States in total coal production. Increased mechanization of coal production had reduced the number of laborers employed, but miners enjoyed quality pay under improving conditions negotiated by the United Mine Workers.
While some hope for the McDowell mining economy had flourished during the energy crisis of the 1970s, in the next decade the county went from painful decline to heartbreaking collapse. Wildcat strikes in the Appalachian coal fields hindered producers in their ability to deliver to buyers. Non-unionized coal production in the western United States provided tough competition. Steel production in the United States--a major source of demand for McDowell County coal--declined, due to competition with foreign steel makers who employed newer and more efficient steel plants to produce high grade steel at lower prices.
During the decade of the 1980s the central Appalachian region lost more than 70,000 coal mining jobs. Between 1981 and 1992, according to the U.S. Department of Energy and the United Mine Workers union, coal mining employment in the state of West Virginia decreased by more than 53%. No county in the Appalachian region was more severely distressed by these losses than McDowell County. According to the United States Census Bureau, in 1980, the rate of poverty in McDowell County was 23.5%. By 1990, the poverty rate in McDowell County had climbed to 37.7%, the highest rate of poverty for any county in West Virginia. By 1990, 50.3% of all children in McDowell County were living in families below the poverty level, up from 31.2% in 1980. The major losses in McDowell County during this period were the result of the closing of all mines and facilities operated by the United States Steel Corporation, terminating more than 1,200 jobs.
The economic impact of U.S. Steel's departure was particularly dramatic: personal income in the county decreased by 66% in one year. Housing values in even the most prosperous parts of the county plunged to devastatingly low values. Individuals and families who wanted to relocate outside the county were left with little or no equity in their property. Many walked away from their mortgages and simply abandoned their homes to the lenders.
Marijuana crops, drug traffic, fraud, arson, and in one spectacular case at the Bank of Keystone--major white collar crime and embezzlement became factors in the unofficial economy of once proud McDowell. County officials also reported significant increases in the rates of domestic abuse, suicide, and Oxycontin abuse.
By 2001, stressed by declining enrollments, more than half of its children living in poverty, and major losses of tax revenue, McDowell County public schools had fallen into physical decay and high rates of academic failure. The West Virginia Department of Education intervened in December, 2001, by taking over the county system, instituting emergency funding and reorganization. The state effectively repaired or closed several school buildings, and launched construction of crucial new facilities. The consolidation of former schools into new locations, however, created new problems of busing students longer distances over narrow, winding mountain roads. New programs of teacher training aided local educators in addressing issues of multi-generational poverty in McDowell County families. Often the school system had to work at educating and stimulating hope in two or more generations at a time. With the help of the state's remedies the county school system has now returned to self-governance.
In 2001 and 2002, horrific floods leveled many of the small towns within this county. Over ten inches (254 mm) of rain had fallen in a period of 12 hours in many of the areas. Many towns were left completely demolished by the violent flow of water which was channeled by the mountains and surrounding hills. Over 40 people died, or were declared dead as a result of being missing for over 1 year as a result of a 4 day period of rain.
In response to these economic and natural disasters, the churches of the region have organized various mission initiatives to support individuals and families in need. The largest interdenominational agency in the area, The Community Crossing, Inc (formerly known as McDowell Mission), each year hosts and organizes numerous mission work teams from many parts of the United States.
Various citizens groups and public officials have worked diligently at proposals for the rebuilding of the McDowell County economy. In recent years the county has developed profitable landfills, has lobbied for the construction of two major prisons, and has courted tourism related to popular new off-road vehicle trails through the mountains. North of the City of Welch a massive mountain-top removal site is being developed as an industrial park. That site is also the designed location for the intersection of two proposed regional highways: The Coalfields Expressway, and the King Coal Highway. The Norfolk Southern railroad corporation is bringing new construction to McDowell County enlarging the tunnels and upgrading the capacity of its main rail line between Norfolk, Virginia and the Midwest. To date, however, the largest private employer in the county is the Walmart at Big Four.
McDowell County is considered as one of the core counties in Appalachia on which the national War on Poverty focused, a national effort started during President Lyndon B. Johnson's administration.
The town of Coalwood was the hometown of Homer Hickam, a NASA engineer whose life, starting from his teenage years, was documented in Rocket Boys, which was later made into the film October Sky.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 535 square miles (1,385 km²), of which, 535 square miles (1,385 km²) of it is land and 0 square miles (0 km²) of it (0.03%) is water.
Major highways
Adjacent counties
- Wyoming County (north)
- Mercer County (east)
- Tazewell County, Virginia (south)
- Buchanan County, Virginia (west)
- Mingo County (northwest)
Demographics
| Historical populations | |
|---|---|
| Census year |
Population |
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|
|
| 1860 | 1,535 |
| 1870 | 1,952 |
| 1880 | 3,074 |
| 1890 | 7,300 |
| 1900 | 18,747 |
| 1910 | 47,856 |
| 1920 | 68,571 |
| 1930 | 90,479 |
| 1940 | 94,354 |
| 1950 | 98,887 |
| 1960 | 71,359 |
| 1970 | 50,666 |
| 1980 | 49,899 |
| 1990 | 35,233 |
| 2000 | 27,329 |
| 2004 (estimate) | 24,726 |
As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 27,329 people, 11,169 households, and 7,840 families residing in the county. The population density was 51 people per square mile (20/km²). There were 13,582 housing units at an average density of 25 per square mile (10/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 87.06% White, 11.89% Black or African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.07% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. 0.48% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 11,169 households out of which 29.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.10% were married couples living together, 14.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.80% were non-families. 27.30% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the county, the population was spread out with 23.20% under the age of 18, 7.90% from 18 to 24, 26.80% from 25 to 44, 26.10% from 45 to 64, and 16.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 90.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.20 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $16,931, and the median income for a family was $20,496. Males had a median income of $25,994 versus $18,685 for females. The per capita income for the county was $10,174, which is the lowest in the state and the 28th lowest in the country. About 33.80% of families and 37.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 52.50% of those under age 18 and 21.60% of those age 65 or over.
Cities and towns
Incorporated cities and towns
Unincorporated communities
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See also
- Anawalt Lake Wildlife Management Area
- Berwind Lake Wildlife Management Area
- McDowell County Schools
- Panther Wildlife Management Area
- Pocahontas coalfield
McDowell County links
- McDowell County Board of Education
- McDowell County Commission
- McDowell County Economic Development Authority
- McDowell County Community Calendar
- McDowell County Economic Development Home Page
- McDowell County GenWeb Project
- McDowell Public Library
- ATV McDowell County
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Mingo County | Wyoming County |
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| Buchanan County, Virginia |  |
Mercer County | |||||
 McDowell County, West Virginia  |
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| Tazewell County, Virginia |
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Coordinates: 37°22′N 81°39′W / 37.37°N 81.65°W
References
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Template.cfm?Section=Find_a_County&Template=/cffiles/counties/usamap.cfm. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
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