Meir of Rothenburg

Tombs of Meir of Rothenburg (left) and Alexander ben Salomon Wimpfen (right) in the Jewish cemetery in Worms, Germany

Meir of Rothenburg (c. 1215 – 2 May 1293) was a German Rabbi and poet, a major author of the tosafot on Rashi's commentary on the Talmud. He is also known as Meir ben Baruch, the Maharam of Rothenburg.

Biography

In 1286, King Rudolf I instituted a new persecution of the Jews, declaring them servi camerae ("serfs of the treasury"), which had the effect of negating their political freedoms. Along with many others, Meir left Germany with family and followers, but was captured in Lombardy and imprisoned in a fortress near Ensisheim in Alsace. Tradition has it that a large ransom of 23,000 marks silver was raised for him (by the Rosh), but Rabbi Meir refused it, for fear of encouraging the imprisonment of other rabbis. He died in prison after seven years. Fourteen years after his death a ransom was paid for his body by Alexander ben Salomon Wimpfen, who was subsequently laid to rest beside the Maharam.[1]

Works

Rabbi Meir wrote no single major work, but many notes, commentaries, expositions, and poems - as well as 1,500 responsa. His disciple the Rosh (Rabbi Asher ben Jehiel) codified much of his teaching.

• His responsa are of great importance to advanced students of the Talmud, as well as to students of Jewish life and customs of those days, especially for the picture which they give of the condition of the German Jews, and of their sufferings from the caprice of princes and from heavy taxation. These responsa also contain rulings of other older and contemporary Ashkenazi poskim; see History of Responsa: Thirteenth century.

• Rabbi Meir is well known as a Tosafist and in particular, authored the Tosafot commentary of the Talmudic tractate Yoma; he is quoted in the Tosafot on various other tractates. He also authored commentaries on the Tohorot and Zeraim orders of the Mishnah.

• Rabbi Meir wrote a number of liturgical poems ("piyyutim").

• His writings on specific areas of Halakha (Jewish Law) include:
  • Piske Eruvin on the laws of the Eruv;
  • Halachoth Pesukoth a collection of decisions on controversial points of Jewish law;
  • Hilchoth Berachot on the blessings;
  • Hilchoth Avelut on the laws of mourning;
  • Hilchoth Shechitah on the ritual slaughtering of animals for Kosher meat.

References

• Meïr of Rothenburg (Meïr B. Baruch), jewishencyclopedia.com
• Maharam of Rothenburg (circa 4980 - 5053), chabad.org
• Works of the Maharam during his imprisonment (Hebrew), daat.ac.il