Complex of aboriginal cultures that developed in parts of Mexico and Central America before the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. This civilization and the
Andean civilization in South America constituted a New World counterpart to those of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and China. Humans have been present in Mesoamerica from as early as 21,000
BC; a shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture, which began
c. 7000
BC as the climate warmed with the end of the Ice Age, was completed by
c. 1500
BC. The earliest great Mesoamerican civilization, the
Olmec, dates to
c. 1150
BC. The Middle Formative period (900 – 300
BC) was a time of increased cultural regionalism and the rise of the
Zapotec people. Civilizations of the Late Formative and Classic periods (lasting until
c. AD 900) include the
Maya and the civilization centred at
Teotihuacán; later societies include the
Toltec and the
Aztec.
See also Chichén Itzá;
Mixtec;
Monte Albán;
Nahua;
Nahuatl language;
Tenochtitlán;
Tikal.
For more information on Mesoamerican civilization, visit Britannica.com.