Methionine adenosyltransferase

methionine adenosyltransferase

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abbr.: MAT; EC 2.5.1.6; other names: S-adenosylmethionine synthetase; AdoMet synthetase; an enzyme that catalyses the reactions:
l-methionine + ATP = S-adenosyl-l-methionine + PP_i

PPP_i = PP_i + P_i
Three isozymes (MATT-III) are formed by the two genes whose products are α1 (395 amino acids) and α2 (394 amino acids), which share 84% sequence identity. MATI is (α1)₄, while MATIII is (α1)₂, both being present in adult liver. MATII is present in many tissues and in fetal (but not adult) liver. Mutations in the α1 gene lead to isolated hypermethioninemia.

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Methionine adenosyltransferase

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methionine adenosyltransferase I, alpha
Identifiers
Symbol	MAT1A
Entrez	4143
HUGO	6903
OMIM	250850
RefSeq	NM_000429
UniProt	Q00266
Other data
Locus	Chr. 10 q22

methionine adenosyltransferase II, alpha
Identifiers
Symbol	MAT2A
Entrez	4144
HUGO	6904
OMIM	601468
RefSeq	NM_005911
UniProt	P31153
Other data
Locus	Chr. 2 p11.2

methionine adenosyltransferase II, beta
Identifiers
Symbol	MAT2B
Entrez	27430
HUGO	6905
OMIM	605527
RefSeq	NM_013283
UniProt	Q9NZL9
Other data
Locus	Chr. 5 q34-q35

Methionine adenosyltransferase is an enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) from methionine and ATP.

Conserved motifs in the 3'UTR of MAT2A mRNA

A computational comparative analysis of vertebrate genome sequences have identified a cluster of 6 conserved hairpin motifs in the 3'UTR of the MAT2A messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript.^[1] The predicted hairpins (named A-F) have strong evolutionary conservation and 3 of the predicted RNA structures (hairpins A, C and D) have been confirmed by in-line probing analysis. No structural changes were observed for any of the hairpins in the presence of metabolites SAM, S-adenosylhomocysteine or L-Methioninine. They are proposed to be involved in transcript stability and their functionality is currently under investigation.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Parker, B. J.; Moltke, I.; Roth, A.; Washietl, S.; Wen, J.; Kellis, M.; Breaker, R.; Pedersen, J. S. (2011). "New families of human regulatory RNA structures identified by comparative analysis of vertebrate genomes". Genome Research 21 (11): 1929–1943. doi:10.1101/gr.112516.110. PMC 3205577. PMID 21994249. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3205577. edit

External links

v d e Transferases: alkyl and aryl (EC 2.5)

2.5.1	Dimethylallyltranstransferase - Thiaminase I - Methionine adenosyltransferase - Riboflavin synthase - Dihydropteroate synthase - Spermidine synthase - Glutathione S-transferase - Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase - Spermine synthase - Alkylglycerone phosphate synthase - Farnesyltransferase - Geranylgeranyltransferase type 1 - Porphobilinogen deaminase

B enzm: 1.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/10/11/13/14/15-18, 2.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8, 2.7.10, 2.7.11-12, 3.1/2/3/4/5/6/7, 3.1.3.48, 3.4.21/22/23/24, 4.1/2/3/4/5/6, 5.1/2/3/4/99, 6.1-3/4/5-6

Metabolism: amino acid metabolism · synthesis and catabolism enzymes (essential in CAPS)

K→acetyl-CoA

LYSINE→	Saccharopine dehydrogenase · Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase

LEUCINE→	Branched chain aminotransferase · Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex · Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase · Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase · Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase · 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase

TRYPTOPHAN→	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase/Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase · Arylformamidase · Kynureninase · 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase · Aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase · Aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase

PHENYLALANINE→tyrosine→	(see below)

G→pyruvate
→citrate

glycine→serine→	Serine hydroxymethyltransferase · Serine dehydratase glycine→creatine: Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase · Creatine kinase

alanine→	Alanine transaminase

cysteine→	D-cysteine desulfhydrase

threonine→	L-threonine dehydrogenase

G→glutamate→
α-ketoglutarate


HISTIDINE→	Histidine ammonia-lyase · Urocanate hydratase · Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase

proline→	Proline oxidase · Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase · 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase/ALDH4A1 · PYCR1

arginine→	Ornithine aminotransferase · Ornithine decarboxylase · Agmatinase

→alpha-ketoglutarate→TCA	Glutamate dehydrogenase

Other	cysteine+glutamate→glutathione: Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase · Glutathione synthetase · Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase glutamate→glutamine: Glutamine synthetase · Glutaminase

G→propionyl-CoA→
succinyl-CoA

VALINE→	Branched chain aminotransferase · Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex · Enoyl-CoA hydratase · 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase · 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase · Methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase

ISOLEUCINE→	Branched chain aminotransferase · Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex · 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase

METHIONINE→	generation of homocysteine: Methionine adenosyltransferase · Adenosylhomocysteinase regeneration of methionine: Methionine synthase/Homocysteine methyltransferase · Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase conversion to cysteine: Cystathionine beta synthase · Cystathionine gamma-lyase

THREONINE→	Threonine aldolase

→succinyl-CoA→TCA	Propionyl-CoA carboxylase · Methylmalonyl CoA epimerase · Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase

G→fumarate


PHENYLALANINE→tyrosine→	Phenylalanine hydroxylase · Tyrosine aminotransferase · 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase · Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase · Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase tyrosine→melanin: Tyrosinase

G→oxaloacetate


asparagine→aspartate→	Asparaginase/Asparagine synthetase · Aspartate transaminase

M: MET

mt, k, c/g/r/p/y/i, f/h/s/l/o/e, a/u, n, m

k, cgrp/y/i, f/h/s/l/o/e, au, n, m, epon

m(A16/C10),i(k, c/g/r/p/y/i, f/h/s/o/e, a/u, n, m)

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