Mirza Rafi Sauda
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Mirza Rafi Sauda
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Mirza Muhammad Rafi 'Sauda' (1713–1781) (Urdu: مرزا محمد رفیع سودا ) was one of the best known poets of Urdu language in Delhi, India. He is known for his Ghazals and Urdu Qasidas.[1]
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Early life
His birth year has not been confirmed and in some publications, it is listed as A.H. 1125 [1713-14].[2] He was born and bought up in Delhi.[3] Sauda, was a shia in personal life.[4]
He inhabited Shahjahanabad (i.e. Old Delhi), during the reign of Muhammad Shah, 1150 A.H. i.e. 1739 A.D.[5]
Ustads and shagirds
Sulaimān Qulī Ḳhān 'Vidād'[6] was his first Ustad (teacher of Urdu poetry) and Shāh Ḥātim too, in the introduction to his volume in which he provides a list of his pupils has recorded Mirzā's name.[2][7] King Shah Alam was Shagird (student of Urdu poetry) of 'Sauda' and gave him his poetry for correction.[2]
He was a contemporary of Dard and Mir.[5]
Movement from Delhi
At the age of sixty or sixty six, he left Delhi and came to Farrukhabad(with Nawab Bangash),[2] and lived there from 1757 to about 1770[3][8] In A.H. 1185 [1771-72] he moved to court of Nawab of Awadh (then in Faizabad) and remained there till his death.[3] When Lucknow became state capital, he came there with Nawab Shujauddaula.[5] He was also Ustad of Shujauddaulla. Nawab Āṣif ud-Daulah gave him tiltle of Malkushshu'ara and annual pension of Rupees Six Thounsand.[2]
He died in at the age of almost 70 years,[9] in A.H. 1195 [1780-81],[3] in Lucknow.[2]
Works
He is recognized as a great qasidah poet, perhaps the greatest in Urdu. He was a major ghazal poet too. The soundest rock on which Sauda’s reputation rests today are his satires.[4]
At first he always used to compose verses in Persian then on his ustad Ḳhān-e Ārzū's advice he started composing in Urdu.[2] Kulliyat of Sauda was compiled by Ḥakīm Sayyid Aṣlaḥ ud-Dīn Ḳhān he wrote an introduction for it.[2] Later in 1872 it was literally translated by Major Henry Court, Captain, Bengal Cavalry [10] List of Sauda's work from his Kulliyat are:[11]
- Masnavi dar hajv-e hakim ghaus,
- Masnavi dar hajv-e amir-a daulatmand bakhil,
- Masnavi dar ta'rif-e shikar,
- Masnavi dar hajv-e pil rajah nripat singh,
- Masnavi dar hajv-e sidi faulad khan kotval-e shahjahanabad,
- Masnavi dar hajv-e fidvi mutavatan-e panjab kih darasal baqal bachchah bud,
- Masnavi dar hajv-e chipak mirza faizu,
- Qissah-e darvesh kih iradah-e ziyarat-e ka'bah kardah bud,
- Mukhammas-e shahr ashob,
- Qasidah dar madh-e navab vazir imad ul-mulk
Some famous ashaar (more than one sher) of 'Sauda'
1.
| “ | kisii ka dard-e-dil pyaare tumhaara naaz kya samjhe jo guzre said ke dil par use shahbaaz kya samajhe |
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—Sauda |
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2.
| “ | badla tere sitam ka koii tujhse kya kare apana hii tu farefta howe, kh.uda kare |
” |
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—Sauda |
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3.
| “ | shama-roo kahna use Sauda hai taareeki-e-aql shama ka aks uske aariz par kalaf hai maah kaa |
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—Sauda |
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4.
| “ | ishq zarra bhii agar ho to use kam mat jaan hoke shola hii bujhe hai ye sharaar aakh.irkaar |
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—Sauda |
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5.
| “ | mulaayam ho gayiin birah kii saa'itein karDiyaan pahar kaTne lage unbin jinhon bin kaaTtii gharDiyaan |
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—Sauda |
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6.
| “ | ye rutbaa jaah-e-duniya ka nahiin kam kisii maalzaadii se ki is par roz-o-shab mein saikarDo charDhte-utarate hain |
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—Sauda |
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7.
| “ | nai bulbul-e-chaman na gul-e-naudmeeda hoon main mausam-e-bahaar mein shaakh.-e-bareeda hoon giriyaan na shakl-e-sheesha wa kh.anda na tarz-e-jaam |
” |
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—Sauda |
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8.
| “ | cheez kya hoon jo karein qatl wo aMkhiyaan mujhko phir gaye dekh ke muMh kh.anzar-e-mizgaan mujhko |
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—Sauda |
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9.
| “ | gada dast-e-ahl-e-karam dekhte hain ham apna hii dam aur qadam dekhte hain |
” |
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—Sauda |
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10.
| “ | shaikh. ne us but ko jis kooche mein dekha shaam ko le charag ab DhooMrDhe hai waan ta-sehar islaam ko |
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—Sauda |
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11.
| “ | tabee'at se faromaya kee sher-e-tar nahiin hota jo aab-e-chaah ka qatra hai wo gauhar nahiin hota talaash-e-khijr bahr-e-manzil-e-maqsad na kar Sauda |
” |
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—Sauda |
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12.
| “ | saawan ke baadalon kii tarah se bhare hu'e ye wo nayan hain jinse ki jangal hare hu'e |
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—Sauda |
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References
- ^ A Shahr-ashob of Sauda, translated by Mark Pegors
- ^ a b c d e f g h Aab-e hayaat (1880) on Sauda
- ^ a b c d Chapter 2 of Three Mughal Poets: Mir Sauda, Mir Hasan*, by Ralph Russell and Khurshidul Islam (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968)
- ^ a b The Satires of Sauda (1706-1781) (Sept. 2010), by Shamsur Rahman Faruqi
- ^ a b c Introduction of Selections from the Kulliyat of Sauda, by Major Henry Court, 1872
- ^ Mirzā Muḥammad Zamān was known as Sulaimān Qulī Ḳhān; his grandfather came of Isfahani stock. He himself was born in Delhi. He led an honored life in the employ of Navab Mūsavī Ḳhān; he received three hundred rupees a month and pleased himself by reciting verses. See Muṣḥafī's anthology of Persian poets.
- ^ Azad, Muhammad Husain Ab-i hayat: yani mashahir shura-yi Urdu ke savanih umri aur zaban-i mazkur ki ahd ba ahd ki taraqqiyon aur islahon ka bayan. Lahor: Naval Kishor 1907
- ^ To be more precise, some time between A.H. 1183 (A.D. 1769-1770) and A.H. 1185 (A.D. 1771-1772). Cf. Shaikh Cand, pp. 55-56
- ^ An Urdu chronogram by Faḳhr ud-Dīn; Persian chronograms by Muṣḥafī and Mīr Qamar ud-Dīn 'Minnat'.
- ^ Selections from the Kulliyat of Sauda, by Major Henry Court, 1872
- ^ Introduction by FWP, Selections from the Kulliyat of Sauda, by Major Henry Court, 1872
External links
1.Professor Nasim Ahmad's Books (a). Diwane-e-Ghazaliyat-e-Sauda and (b).Mutallaqate Sauda
2. Vinay Prajapati 'Nazar' Wordpress Blog तख़लीक़-ए-नज़र - Expanding day by day.
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