missal

1. Roman Catholic Church. A book containing all the prayers and responses necessary for celebrating the Mass throughout the year.
2. A prayer book.

[Middle English messel, from Old French, from Medieval Latin missāle, from neuter of missālis, of the Mass, from Late Latin missa, Mass. See Mass.]

A liturgical book of the Western church, containing all the material for the celebration of Mass. The oldest complete missals including musical notation originated in Italy in the 10th century; by the 11th a missal was formed in each church.

Book containing prayers, benedictions, invocations, readings and instructions used in the ritual of the Roman Catholic Mass. The basic service of the Mass contained in the Ordo missae (Ordinary of the Mass) consists of the Mass of the Catechumens, the Offertory, prefaces for the common masses and for high feast days, the Canon of the Mass, in which the bread and wine of the Eucharist are consecrated, and the Order of Holy Communion. Three additional sections provide the devotions required for special occasions. The Temporal (or Proper of Time) contains the feasts that occur on Sundays and are based on the events of the life of Christ. The Sanctoral (or Proper of Saints) contains prayers, lessons and recitations appropriate for the feast days of special saints occurring on set dates. By the end of the Middle Ages the sequence of feasts in both sections followed the order of the liturgical year, usually beginning with the first Sunday in Advent (the Sunday closest to 30 November). A third section, the Common of Saints, contains prayers, recitations and lessons for saints or groups of saints for whom there are no special commemorative rites or fixed feast days. The Missal might also contain special votive Masses, such as the Mass of the Dead, and a variety of other benedictions, hymns and special prayers.

See the Abbreviations for further details.

Tutor's tip: It the naughty altar boy used his "missal" (a book containing prayers for the year) as a "missile" (an object that is thrown or hurled) to shoo the "missel" (a bird) from the window.

"The Missal", by John William Waterhouse

A missal is a liturgical book containing all instructions and texts necessary for the celebration of Mass throughout the year.

Contents 1 History 2 References 3 See also 3.1 Missals 3.2 Other articles 4 External links

History

Before the compilation of such books, several books were used when celebrating Mass. These included the Gradual (texts mainly from the Psalms, with musical notes added), the Evangelary or Gospel Book, the Epistolary with texts from other parts of the New Testament, mainly the Epistles (letters) of Saint Paul, and the Sacramentary with the prayers that the priest himself said.

In late mediaeval times, when it had become common in the West for priests to say Mass without the assistance of a choir and other ministers, these books began to be combined into a "Mass book" (missale in Latin), for the priest's use alone. This led to the appearance of the missale plenum ("full or complete missal"), which contained all the texts of the Mass, but without the music of the choir parts. Indications of the rubrics to be followed were also added.

The Roman Missal (Missale Romanum) published by Pope St. Pius V in 1570 eventually replaced the widespread use of different missal traditions by different parts of the church, such as those of Troyes, Sarum (Salisbury), and others. Many episcopal sees had in addition some local prayers and feast days.

At the behest of the Second Vatican Council, Pope Paul VI greatly increased the amount of Sacred Scripture read at Mass and, to a lesser extent, the prayer formulas. This necessitated a return to having the Scripture readings in a separate book, known as the Lectionary. A separate Book of the Gospels, with texts extracted from the Lectionary, is recommended, but is not obligatory. The Roman Missal continues to include elaborate rubrics, as well as antiphons etc., which were not in sacramentaries.

The first complete official translation of the Roman Missal into English appeared in 1973, based on the text of 1970. A revised translation is in preparation.

The term "missal" is also used for books intended for use not by the priest but by others assisting at Mass. These books are sometimes referred to as "hand missals" or "missalettes", while the term "altar missal" is sometimes used to distinguish the missal for the priest's use from them. Usually they omit or severely abbreviate the rubrical portions and Mass texts for other than the regular yearly celebrations, but include the Scripture readings.

References

See also

Missals

• Missale Aboense
• Arbuthnott Missal
• Roman Missal
• Missal of Silos

Other articles

• Sacramentary
• Mass
• Prayerbook
• Breviary

External links

• Catholic Encyclopedia: Missal
• Missale ad usum insignis Ecclesiæ Eboracensis (The York Missal in Latin)
• Missale ad usum insignis Ecclesiæ Eboracensis (alternate edition)

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Dansk (Danish)
n. - missale (messebog), bønnebog

Nederlands (Dutch)
missaal

Français (French)
n. - missel

Deutsch (German)
n. - Missal

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (θρησκ.) λειτουργικό, συναξάρι, σύνοψη

Italiano (Italian)
messale

Português (Portuguese)
n. - missal (m) (Ecles.)

Русский (Russian)
молитвенник

Español (Spanish)
n. - misal

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - mässbok

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
弥撒用书

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 彌撒用書

한국어 (Korean)
n. - (천주교) 미사 경본

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - ミサ典書, 祈祷書

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) كتابه العبادات والشعائر‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮מחזור או ספר תפילות נוצרי, ספר תפילות מאויר‬

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