Mississaugas

The Mississaugas are a subtribe of the Anishinaabe First Nations people located in southern Ontario, Canada, closely related to the Ojibwa. The name "Mississauga" comes from the Anishinaabe word Misi-zaagiing, meaning "[Those at the] Great River-mouth."

History

According to the oral histories of the Anishinaabe, after departing the "Second Stopping Place" near Niagara Falls, the core Anishinaabe peoples migrated along the shores of Lake Erie to what is now southern Michigan. They became "lost" both physically and spiritually. But, the Mississaugas migrated along a northern route by the Credit River, to Georgian Bay, to what were later considered their traditional lands on the shores of Lake Superior and northern Lake Huron around the Mississagi River. The Mississaugas then called for the core Anishinaabe to Midewiwin (return to the path of the good life). The core Anishinaabe peoples formed the Council of Three Fires and migrated from their "Third Stopping Place" near the present city of Detroit to their "Fourth Stopping Place" on Manitoulin Island, along the eastern shores of Georgian Bay.

By the time the French explorers arrived in 1720,^{[citation needed]} the Mississaugas were a distinct tribe of Anishinaabe people. They had moved from the Mississagi River area southward into the Kawartha lakes region. From this location, a smaller contingent moved southeast to an area along the Credit River, just west of modern-day Toronto. The French identified the peoples as Mississaugas.

Alternate forms of the name are Mississaga, Massassauga and Missisauga, plural forms of these three, and "Mississauga Indians". Before the Anishinaabe language replaced the Wendat language in mid-17th century as the lingua franca of the Great Lakes region, the Mississaugas were also known by their Wendat name.

When Conrad Weiser conducted a census in Logstown in 1748, he identified the people as Tisagechroamis, his attempt at conveying their name in Wendat. exonym Other variants of the spelling were Tisagechroamis, Tisaghechroamis, Tisagechroan, Tisagechroanu and Zisaugeghroanu. "The Tisagechroanu were the Mississagas from Lake Huron, a large tribe and French Indians, or under French influences. The name Tisagechroanue here is probably a misprint, for it is most often found Zisaugeghroanu."^[1]

In the waning years of the American Revolution, starting in 1781, the Mississaugas made a series of land cessions to the British Crown that encompassed much of present-day southern Ontario.

Legacy

• The city of Mississauga is named after them.
• Western and Eastern Massassauga rattlesnake are named after them as well.

Today

Historically, there are five First Nations that make up the Mississauga Nations. Today, the Mississaugas are the following:

• Mississauga First Nation - Mississagi River 8 Reserve
• Mississaugas of Alnwick (historical)
  • Alderville First Nation - Alderville First Nation Reserve, Sugar Island 37A Reserve
• Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation - New Credit 40A Reserve
• Mississaugas of Rice Lake, Mud Lake and Scugog Lake (historical)
  • Curve Lake First Nation (formerly: Mississaugas of Mud Lake) - Curve Lake First Nation 35 Reserve, Curve Lake 35A Reserve and Islands in the Trent Waters Indian Reserve 36A
  • Hiawatha First Nation (formerly: Mississaugas of Rice Lake) - Hiawatha First Nation Indian Reserve, Islands in the Trent Waters Indian Reserve 36A
  • Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation - Mississaugas of Scugog Island Reserve, Islands in the Trent Waters Indian Reserve 36A

One of the largest is the Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nations. As of 2005, the Mississaugas of New Credit have a population of 1,375 which makes up a small part of the Ojibwa nation of 200,000 people.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mississaugas

1. ^ George Thornton Fleming, Vol. 1, History of Pittsburgh and environs, from prehistoric days to the beginning of the American revolution, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Digital Research Library, 1999

• Mississaugas of Alderville First Nation
• United Anishnaabeg Council
• Ogemawahj Tribal Council
• Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nations
• Mississuagas of the New Credit First Nations