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The Mixtón War was fought between Spanish invaders and several Chichimeca native tribes. The Spanish victory in 1541 allowed the invaders to break through into the Chichimecan territory.[1]
After the Spanish conquest of central Mexico, expeditions were sent further northwards to the region known as La Gran Chichimeca to explore and search for gold.
In 1529, Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán set forth with a force of 10,500 men on a march through Nayarit, Jalisco, Durango, Sinaloa and Zacatecas. During his campaign he killed, tortured, and enslaved thousands of natives and provoked a rebellion in order to subdue them. Guzmán was arrested by the colonial authorities. Despite his arrest, his reign of terror had long-lasting repercussions in the land of the Chichimeca.
In early 1540, the native population began a rebellion against the Spanish and their native allies from the south. The Spanish, under Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza gathered a force of 450 Spanish soldiers and 30,000 Aztec allies and gradually put down the rebellion. The Spanish eventually regained their advantage, aided by infectious disease, suppressing the revolt completely by December 1541. As a result, thousands of natives died and many more thousands were enslaved in the mines. Many others, mostly women and children were moved to other parts of Mexico, to work as slaves on Spanish haciendas.
The Chichimeca uprisings were not at an end however. In 1550, the Chichimeca War, the first frontier war and the hardest battle ever fought by the Spanish against the natives, began.
See also
Citations
- ^ Ewing, Russell C.; Edward Holland Spicer (1966). Russell C. Ewing. ed. Six faces of Mexico: history, people, geography, government, economy, literature & art (2 ed.). page 126: University of Arizona Press, 1966. pp. 320. http://books.google.com/books?id=2hhBAAAAIAAJ. Retrieved August 2009. ""The Spaniards did not break through into the Chichimeca country until 1541 when several groups of Chichimeca Indians were defeated in the Mixtón War""
References
- Bolton, Herbert Eugene; and Thomas Maitland Marshall (1920). The colonization of North America, 1492–1783 (Kessinger Publishing reprint ed.). New York: Macmillan Co.. OCLC 423777.
- Giudicelli, Christophe; and Pierre Ragon (2000). "Les martyrs ou la Vierge? Frères martyrs et images outragées dans le Mexique du Nord (XVIème-XVIIème siècles)" (reproduced online at Nuevo Mundo—Mundos Nuevos, 2005). Cahiers des Amériques latines (second series) (Paris: Institut des Hautes Études de l’Amérique latine (IHEAL), Université Paris III - Sorbonne Nouvelle and Centre de Recherche et de Documentation sur l’Amérique latine (UMR 7169, CNRS); distributed by La Documentation Française) 33 (1): 32–55. ISSN 1141-7161. OCLC 12685246. http://nuevomundo.revues.org/document615.html. (French)
- INAFED (Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal) (2005). "Nochistlán de Mejía, Zazatecas". Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México (online edition at E-Local ed.). México D.F.: INAFED, Secretaría de Gobernación, Gobierno del Estado de Zacatecas. http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/zacatecas/municipios/32034a.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-14. (Spanish)
- López-Portillo y Weber, José (1939). La rebelión de Nueva Galicia. Pan American Institute of Geography and History, Publication 37. Tacabuya, Mexico: original imprint by E. Murguia. OCLC 77249201. (Spanish)
- Monroy Castillo, María Isabel; and Tomás Calvillo Unna (1997). Breve historia de San Luis Potosí. Serie breves historias de los estados de la República Mexicana (Reproduced online at the Biblioteca Digital, Instituto Latinoamericano de la Comunicación Educativa (ILCE) ed.). México D.F.: El Colegio de México, Fideicomiso Historia de las Américas, and Fondo de Cultura Económica. ISBN 968-16-5324-6. OCLC 39401967. http://bibliotecadigital.ilce.edu.mx/sites/estados/libros/sanluis/html/sanlu.html. Retrieved 2007-12-14. (Spanish)
- Rabasa, José (2000). Writing Violence on the Northern Frontier: The Historiography of Sixteenth-Century New Mexico and Florida and the Legacy of Conquest. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-2535-7. OCLC 43662151.
- Rojas, Beatriz; Jesús Gómez Serrano, Andrés Reyes Rodríguez, Salvador Camacho and Carlos Reyes Sahagún (1994). Breve historia de Aguascalientes. Serie breves historias de los estados de la República Mexicana (Reproduced online at the Biblioteca Digital, Instituto Latinoamericano de la Comunicación Educativa (ILCE) ed.). México D.F.: El Colegio de México, Fideicomiso Historia de las Américas, and Fondo de Cultura Económica. ISBN 968-16-4540-5. OCLC 37602467. http://bibliotecadigital.ilce.edu.mx/sites/estados/libros/aguas/html/aguascalientes.html. Retrieved 2007-12-14. (Spanish)
- Schmal, John P. (2004). "The History of Zazatecas". History of Mexico. Houston Institute for Culture. http://www.houstonculture.org/mexico/zacatecas.html. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
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