Mount Kazbek

Mount Kazbek
Mount Kazbek
Mount Kazbek Location of Mount Kazbek in North Ossetia-Alania (Russia)
Elevation	5,033 metres (16,558 feet)
Location	North Ossetia-Alania(Russia), Georgia
Range	Caucasus
Prominence	2,353 m
Coordinates	42°41′51″N 44°31′08″E / 42.6975°N 44.51889°E / 42.6975; 44.51889Coordinates: 42°41′51″N 44°31′08″E / 42.6975°N 44.51889°E / 42.6975; 44.51889
Type	Stratovolcano (dormant)
Last eruption	approx. 750 BC
First ascent	1868 by Douglas Freshfield, A. W. Moore and C. C. Tucker
Easiest route	basic snow/ice climb
Listing	Ultra

Mount Kazbek (Ossetic: Сæна, Russian: Казбек Georgian: მყინვარწვერი, Chechen: Башлам), is a dormant stratovolcano and one of the chief mountains of the Caucasus located in Georgia, ^[1] dominating the town of Stepantsminda. It is the third highest mountain in Georgia (after Mount Shkhara and Janga) and the seventh highest peak in the Caucasus Mountains. The name in Georgian, Mqinvartsveri, translates to "glacier" or "Ice Mountain". The Vainakh name Bashlam translated as Molten Mount.

Location

Kazbek is located on the Khokh Range, a mountain range which runs north of the Greater Caucasus Range, and which is pierced by the gorges of the Ardon and the Terek. The mountain itself lies along the edge of the Borjomi-Kazbegi Fault (which is a northern sub-ending of the Anatolian Fault). The region is highly active tectonically, with numerous small earthquakes occurring at regular intervals. An active geothermal/hot spring system also surrounds the mountain. Kazbek is a potentially active volcano, built up of trachyte and sheathed with lava, and has the shape of a double cone, whose base lies at an altitude of 1,770 meters (5,800 feet). Kazbek is the highest of the volcanic cones of the Kazbegi volcanic group which also includes Mount Khabarjina (3142 metres).

Owing to the steepness of its slopes, the glaciers of Kazbek are not very large. The total combined area of all of Kazbek's glaciers is 135 km². The best-known glacier is the Dyevdorak (Devdaraki), which creeps down the north-eastern slope into a gorge of the same name, reaching a level of 2,295 meters (7,530 feet). Kazbek's other glaciers include the Mna, Denkara, Gergeti, Abano and Chata. The recent collapse of the Kolka Glacier, located in a valley between Mt. Jimara and Kazbek in the year 2002 was attributed to solfatara volcanic activity along the northern slope of the mountain, although there was no eruption. At its eastern foot runs the Georgian Military Road through the pass of Darial 2,378 meters (7805 feet).

Legend

Mount Kazbek in the Summer

Mount Kazbek is associated in Georgian folklore with Amirani, the Georgian version of Prometheus, who was chained on the mountain in punishment for having stolen fire from the gods and having given it to mortals. The location of his imprisonment later became the site of an Orthodox hermitage located in a cave called “Betlemi” (Bethlehem) at around the 4000 meter level. According to legends, this cave housed many sacred relics, including Abraham's tent and the manger of the infant Jesus. ^[2]

19th-century postcard of the Georgian Military Road near Mount Kazbek

The summit was first climbed in 1868 by D. W. Freshfield, A. W. Moore, and C. Tucker of the London Alpine Club, with a Swiss guide. They were followed by the female Russian alpinist Maria Preobrazhenskaya, who made the climb nine times starting in the year 1900.

Kazbegi Nature Reserve

The area around Mount Kazbegi was designated a nature reserve by the Soviet government in 1979, and includes beech forests, subalpine forests and alpine meadows. Many of the plants and animals in the reserve are endemic to the Caucaus region.

References

External links

• Kazbek on Peakware - photos
• Mount Kazbek Solo Climb 2008
• Mountain House close to Mount Kazbek

See also

• List of volcanoes in Georgia (country)
• Volcanic Seven Summits

Image gallery

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.