muffle

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verb

1. To decrease or dull the sound of: dampen, deaden, mute, stifle. See increase/decrease, sounds/pleasant sounds/unpleasant sounds/neutral sounds or silence.
2. To hold (something requiring an outlet) in check: burke, choke (back), gag, hold back, hold down, hush (up), quench, repress, smother, squelch, stifle, strangle, suppress, throttle. Informal sit on (or upon). See restraint/unrestraint.

Definition: suppress, make quiet
Antonyms: blab, let loose, tell

1. A material used to build up the core of a large plaster molding.
2. To deaden sound.

• Ceramics and Glassmaking - muffle: protective box around kiln flames
• Sound, Hearing, and Deafness - muffle: (vb) deaden sound, esp. by wrapping that which is producing it

This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (June 2010)

An Automatic Oil Muffle Furnace, circa 1910. Petroleum is contained in tank A, and is kept under pressure by pumping at intervals with the wooden handle, so that when the valve B is opened, the oil is vaporized by passing through a heating coil at the furnace entrance, and when ignited burns fiercely as a gas flame. This passes into the furnace through the two holes, C, C, and plays under and up around the muffle D, standing on a fireclay slab. The doorway is closed by two fireclay blocks at E.

High temperature muffle-furnace, maximum temperature is 1473K.

A muffle furnace (sometimes, retort furnace) in historical usage is a furnace in which the subject material is isolated from the fuel and all of the products of combustion including gases and flying ash.^[1] After the development of high-temperature electric heating elements and widespread electrification in developed countries, new muffle furnaces quickly moved to electric designs.^[2]

Today, a muffle furnace is (usually) a front-loading box-type oven or kiln for high-temperature applications such as fusing glass, creating enamel coatings, ceramics and soldering and brazing articles. They are also used in many research facilities, for example by chemists in order to determine what proportion of a sample is non-combustible and non-volatile (i.e., ash). Some digital controllers allow RS232 interface and permit the operator to program up to 126^{[citation needed]} segments, such as ramping, soaking, sintering, and more. Also, advances in materials for heating elements, such as molybdenum disilicide offered in certain models by Vecstar, can now produce working temperatures up to 1800 degrees Celsius, which facilitate more sophisticated metallurgical applications.^{[citation needed]}

The term muffle furnace may also be used to describe another oven constructed on many of the same principles as the box type kiln mentioned above, but takes the form of a long, wide, and thin hollow tube used in roll to roll manufacturing processes.^{[citation needed]}

Both of the above mentioned furnaces are usually heated to desired temperatures by conduction, convection, or blackbody radiation from electrical resistance heating elements.^{[citation needed]} Therefore there is (usually) no combustion involved in the temperature control of the system, which allows for much greater control of temperature uniformity and assures isolation of the material being heated from the byproducts of fuel combustion.

References

1. ^ Bulletin - United States Geological Survey, Issues 47-54, 1889, pp. 180 (834)
2. ^ Electric Muffle Furnace, C.A. Crowley, Popular Mechanics, 67:6, June 1937, pp. 941-945

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Dansk (Danish)
1.
v. tr. - pakke ind, svøbe ind, dæmpe
n. - [zool.] mule

2.
n. - muffel

Nederlands (Dutch)
dempen, omwikkelen, onderddrukken

Français (French)
1.
v. tr. - emmitoufler, assourdir (une cloche), étouffer (des rires), (fig) étouffer (des protestations)
n. - amortissement (des sons), voix sourde, amortisseur/quelque chose qui amortit, moufle (céramique)

2.
n. - museau

Deutsch (German)
1.
v. - einhüllen, dämpfen
n. - Muffel, gedämpfter Ton, (Schall)dämpfer

2.
n. - (Zool) Windfang (Teil der Tierschnauze)

Ελληνική (Greek)
v. - επικαλύπτω, κουκουλώνω, σκεπάζω, καταπνίγω (ήχο)
n. - προστατευτικό κάλυμμα, δοχείο χωνευτηρίου

Italiano (Italian)
avviluppare, attutire

Português (Portuguese)
v. - agasalhar, abafar o som
n. - silenciador (m), focinho (m)

Русский (Russian)
закутывать, заглушать, боксерская перчатка, кашне, приглушенный звук

Español (Spanish)
1.
v. tr. - tapar, enfundar, amortiguar
n. - tapa, funda, mufla

2.
n. - hocico, morro

Svenska (Swedish)
v. - linda om, dämpa
n. - mule, muffel

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
1. 包裹, 裹住, 裹住使其声音低沉, 蒙住, 使低沉, 包裹物, 蒙盖物

2. 低沉的声音

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
1.
v. tr. - 包裹, 裹住, 裹住使其聲音低沈, 蒙住, 使低沈
n. - 包裹物, 蒙蓋物

2.
n. - 低沈的聲音

한국어 (Korean)
1.
v. tr. - 싸다, (소리를) 지우다
n. - 소음기

2.
n. - 콧등

日本語 (Japanese)
v. - 音を小さくする, 消す, 包む
n. - 消音器, 鼻づら

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(فعل) يلف, يدثر (الاسم) خشم, شوايه‏

עברית (Hebrew)
v. tr. - ‮כיסה, כרבל, כיסה (מקור קול) כדי להחלישו‬
n. - ‮תא אחסון לחומרים המחוממים בכור או בכבשן‬
n. - ‮החלק העבה בשפה העליונה ובחוטם של מעלי גרה ומכרסמים‬

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