Muhammad bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud
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Muhammad bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud
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| Muhammad bin Abdulaziz | |
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| In office | 1924–1965 |
| Successor | Abdul Muhsin bin Abdulaziz |
| Issue | |
| Prince Fahd Prince Bandar Prince Badr Prince Sa'd Prince Abdullah Prince Abdul-Aziz |
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| Full name | |
| Muhammad bin Abdulaziz al Saud | |
| House | House of Saud |
| Father | King Abdulaziz |
| Mother | Al Jawharah bint Musaed bin Jalawi.[1] |
| Born | 1910 |
| Died | 1988 |
| Religion | Islam |
Muhammad bin Abdulaziz (Arabic: محمد بن عبد العزيز ال سعود) was a member of the royal family.
He was among the wealthiest and most powerful members of the Saudi royal family. His advise was sought and deferred to in all matters by his brothers. Until his death in 1988, he was a close and powerful confidant and senior adviser to his younger brothers, King Khalid and King Fahd.
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Contents
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Early life
Prince Muhammad was born in 1910 and is the fourth son of the Kingdom's founder, King Abdulaziz.[2] King Khalid was his full brother. Their mother was from the important Al Jiluwi[3] clan whose members intermarried with the Al Saud, [4] Al Jawharah bint Musaed bin Jalawi.[1] [5]
She hired the best Najdi horse riders to train cavalry who in turn contributed significantly in King AbdulAziz's attempts to unify Saudi Arabia.[1]
Prince Muhammed's and also, King Khalid's mother was special for King Abdulaziz due to several reasons. First, Jawharah al Jiluwi was King Abdulaziz's cousin. Secondly, she was chosen by King Abdulaziz's mother as a wife for him. And lastly, she died at a young age. Her room in the palace was kept, not allowing anyone to enter except for King Abdulaziz's sister, Nuora bint Abdul Rahman.[6]
On the other hand, Al Jawhara bint Musaid's family, al Jiluwis, is also significant for al Sauds since it is composed of the descendants of the younger brother of Abdulaziz's grandfather Faisal who allied themselves with him to defuse the threat posed by the al Kabir clan. Abdullah al Jiluwi served as Abdulaziz's deputy commander and helped conquer the eastern region of Arabia.[7]
Al Jawhara bint Musaid's death is reported to make King Abdulaziz so sad that he cried.[6]
Early life
Mohammed bin Abdulaziz participated in fights during the formation years of the Kingdom with his older brothers and cousins. In 1934, King Abdulaziz ordered his forces to attack Yemen's forward defences. Then, Faisal bin Sa'd, the son of the Saudi king's brother Saad, advanced to Baqem and the son of his other brother Mohammed, Khaled bin Muhammed, advanced to Najran and Saada. King's son Prince Faisal assumed command of the forces on the coast of Tihama and Mohammed bin Abdulaziz had advanced from Najd at the head of a reserve force to support his brother Prince Saud.[8]
Renunciation of the succession
Muhammad bin Abdulaziz was Crown Prince during the first few months (November 1964 – March 1965) of the reign of his elder half-brother King Faisal. He then voluntarily stepped aside from the succession to allow his younger and only full brother, Prince Khalid, to become heir apparent to the Saudi throne. He is said to have stepped aside in order to comply with a general family agreement. That agreement had been negotiated during the period of internal crisis that saw the abdication, in late 1964, of the profligate King Saud, in favour of another half-brother, King Faisal. Prince Muhammad's renunciation, therefore, helped to defuse that crisis and facilitated the takeover of power by King Faisal.
Muhammad bin Abdulaziz is reputed to have been a powerful personality. He is said to have been of orthodox disposition. However, his rigidity weakened his ability to garner support necessary to gain political power in the kingdom. The King of Saudi Arabia is elected by an informal collegium consisting of the sons and senior grandsons of the kingdom's founder, Ibn Saud, and while age and seniority of birth are important considerations, it is also necessary to accommodate and engage amicably with various family and social factions in order to gain power.
He was a key prince in the coalition against King Saud. His nickname, Abu Sharayn or "the father of two evils" (bad temper and drinking), reflects the reasons for not being selected as the king by his brothers.[9][10]
It is also argued that Prince Muhammad, the oldest surviving son of Ibn Saud after Faisal, either declined the role of crown prince or was passed over because of his close association with King Saud while he had been the King.[11]
Controversy
Prince Muhammed's granddaughter, Misha'al bint Fahd, was convicted of adultery in Saudi Arabia. She and her lover were given capital punishment because in Saudi Arabia adultery is a crime which carries a death penalty. Prince Muhammad did not intercede on her behalf to grant her clemency. Western media portrayed the event negatively and claimed it a violation of women's rights though Princess Misha'al's male lover was also executed. A British TV channel presented a fictionalized docudrama, Death of a Princess, which was based on this incident. The telecast of this docudrama hurt Saudi–UK relations significantly.[12]
Legacy
Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Airport is named after him.
References
- ^ a b c "Personal trips". King Khalid Exhibition. http://kke.com.sa/eng/khalid-trips. Retrieved May 7, 2012.
- ^ Mouline, Nabil (April-June 2012). "Power and generational transition in Saudi Arabia". Critique internationale 46: 1-22. http://www.ceri-sciencespo.com/publica/critique/46/ci46_nm.pdf. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ^ Chapin Metz, Helen (1992). "Saudi Arabia: A Country Study.". http://countrystudies.us/saudi-arabia/53.htm. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
- ^ Teitelbaum, Joshua (November 1, 2011). "Saudi Succession and Stability". BESA Center Perspectives. http://www.biu.ac.il/SOC/besa/docs/perspectives153.pdf. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ^ "AL-SAUD FAMILY (Saudi Arabia)". European Institute for Research on Euro-Arab Cooperation. http://www.medea.be/en/themes/biographies/abc/al-saud-family-saudi-arabia/. Retrieved April 29, 2012.
- ^ a b "King Abdulaziz' Noble Character". Islam House. http://d1.islamhouse.com/data/en/ih_books/single/en_king_Abdul_Aziz.pdf. Retrieved April 29, 2012.
- ^ Henderson, Simon (October 9, 2009). "Factors Affecting Saudi Succession are a Family Affair". The Cutting Edge News. http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=11655&pageid=37&pagename=Page+One. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
- ^ Rizk, Yunan Labib (2004). "Monarchs in war". Al Ahram Weekly. http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/681/chrncls.htm. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ^ Herb, Michael (1999). All in the family. Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 102. ISBN 0-7914-4168-7. http://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=en&lr=&id=i6hd9w64lcgC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=royal+family+of+saudi+arabia&ots=fkiWztrAYE&sig=qlt3kyjHVQzUUQIDXOI0llqyRj0&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=royal%20family%20of%20saudi%20arabia&f=false.
- ^ AbuKhalil, As'ad (2004). The Battle for Saudi Arabia. Royalty, fundamntalizm and global power. New York City: Seven Stories Press. ISBN 1-58322-610-9. http://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=en&lr=&id=lfU5ldbBOasC&oi=fnd&pg=PA9&dq=abdul+illah+bin+abdulaziz+and+saudi+succession&ots=glrD_TsC_e&sig=19MkgjBRP5HAjILZc5QgQ58jXNE&redir_esc=y#v=o.
- ^ Kelidar, A. R. (1978). "The problem of succession in Saudi Arabia,". Asian Affairs 9 (1): 23-30. doi:10.1080/03068377808729875.
- ^ Henderson, Simon (August 2009). "After King Abdullah: Succession in Saudi Arabia". The Washington Institute. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/after-king-abdullah-succession-in-saudi-arabia. Retrieved May 27, 2012.
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