Mutual savings bank

Banking

Finance Financial markets Financial market participants Corporate finance Personal finance Public finance Banks and Banking Financial regulation

Types of Bank Central bank Advising bank Commercial bank Community development bank Custodian bank Depository bank Investment bank Industrial bank Islamic banking Merchant bank Mutual bank Mutual savings bank National bank Offshore bank Private bank Savings bank Sparkasse Swiss bank

Banking terms Anonymous banking Automatic teller machine Deposit Loan Money creation

List of banks List of banks in Canada List of banks in Hong Kong List of banks in Singapore List of banks in Pakistan

A mutual savings bank is a financial institution chartered through a state or federal government to provide a safe place for individuals to save and to invest those savings in mortgages, loans, stocks, bonds and other securities.

The institution most frequently identified as the first modern savings bank was the “Savings and Friendly Society” organized by the Reverend Henry Duncan in 1810, in Ruthwell, Scotland. Rev. Duncan established the small bank in order to encourage his working class congregation to develop thrift. European voluntary organizations and “friendly societies” provided the inspiration for their state incorporated American counterparts.

These first savings banks were envisioned as philanthropic endeavors, designed to uplift the poor and working classes. The banks were started by philanthropists, who took on the positions of savings bank trustees, managers, and directors as opportunities to teach the working class the virtues of thrift, and self-reliance by allowing them the security to save their money. The first incorporated US mutual savings bank was the Provident Institution for Savings, in Boston. Its 1816 charter was the first government legislation in the world to safeguard savings banks.

Mutual savings banks are common in New England. New Bedford Institution For Savings was founded in 1825, and converted from mutual to stock status in 1987.

Mutual savings banks were designed to stimulate savings by individuals; the exclusive function of these banks is to protect deposits, make limited, secure investments, and provide depositors with interest. Unlike commercial banks, savings banks have no stockholders; the entirety of profits beyond the upkeep of the bank belongs to the depositors of the mutual savings bank. Mutual savings banks prioritize security, and as a result, have historically been characteristically conservative in their investments. This conservatism is what allowed mutual savings banks to remain stable throughout the turbulent period of the Great Depression, despite the failing of commercial banks and savings and loan associations.

In the United States

In America, most mutual savings banks are located in the Northeast, and are owned by their depositors and borrowers. A mutual savings bank does not issue capital stock. Profits are distributed to the owner/customers in proportion to the business they do with the institution.^{[citation needed]}

See also

• Building Society
• Cooperative banking
• Credit union
• Mutual organization

External links

• http://www.fdic.gov/bank/historical/history/index.html
• http://www.ots.treas.gov/glossary/gloss-m.html
• http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/rfs/glossary.html