NA61/SHINE
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NA61/SHINE
NA61/SHINE (SHINE = SPS Heavy Ion and Neutrino Experiment) is a particle physics experiment at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).[1] The experiment studies the hadronic final states produced in interactions of various beam particles (pions, protons and beryllium, argon, and xenon nuclei) with a variety of fixed nuclear targets at the SPS energies.
About 140 physicists from 14 countries and 28 institutions work in NA61/SHINE, led by Marek Gazdzicki. NA61/SHINE is the second largest fixed target experiment at CERN.
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Contents
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Physics program
The NA61/SHINE physics program has been designed to measure hadron production in three different types of collisions:[1]
- In nucleus–nucleus (heavy ion) collisions, in particular the measurement of fluctuations and long range correlations, with the aim to identify the properties of the onset of deconfinement and find evidence for the critical point of strongly interacting matter.
- In proton–proton and proton–nucleus interactions needed as reference data for better understanding of nucleus–nucleus reactions; in particular with regards to correlations, fluctuations and high transverse momenta.
- In hadron–nucleus interactions needed for neutrino (T2K) and cosmic-ray experiments (Pierre Auger Observatory and KASCADE).
Detector
The NA61/SHINE experiment uses a large acceptance hadron spectrometer located on the H2 beam line in the North Area of CERN.[1] It consist of components used by the heavy ion NA49 experiment as well as those designed and constructed for NA61/SHINE.[2]
The main tracking devices are four large volume time projection chambers (TPCs), which are capable of detecting up to 70% of all charged particles created in the studied reactions. Two of them, the vertex TPCs, are located in the magnetic field of two super-conducting dipole magnets with maximum bending powers of 9 Tesla meters. Two others (MTPC-L and MTPC-R) are positioned downstream of the magnets symmetrically with respect to the beam line. One additional small TPC, the gap TPC, is installed on the beam axis between the vertex TPCs. The setup is supplemented by time of flight detector walls, which extend particle identification to low momenta (1 GeV/c < p ). Furthermore, the Projectile Spectator Detector (a calorimeter) is positioned downstream of the time of flight detectors to measure energy of projectile fragments.
Collected data
- proton-carbon and proton-(T2K replica target) interactions at 31 GeV/c in 2007, 2009 and 2010,
- pion-carbon interactions at 158 GeV/c and 350 GeV/c in 2009,
- proton-proton interactions at 13, 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c in 2009, 2010 and 2011,
- beryllium-beryllium interactions at 40A, 75A and 150A GeV/c in 2011.
See also
References
- ^ a b c Antoniou, N. et al.; (NA61 Collaboration) (2006). "Study of hadron production in hadron–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions at the CERN SPS". SPSC-P-330, CERN-SPSC-2006-034. http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/995681?ln=en.
- ^ Afanasiev, S. et al.; (NA49 Collaboration) (1999). "The NA49 large acceptance hadron detector". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 430 (2–3): 210. Bibcode 1999NIMPA.430..210A. doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00239-9.
External links
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