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Nabeel Rajab

Personal picture for Nabeel Rajab at his office
Born Nabeel Ahmed Rajab
(1964-01-01) January 1, 1964 (age 48)
Bahrain
Residence Bahrain Bani Jamra, Kingdom of Bahrain
Ethnicity Bahrani
Education Bachelor's degree in Political Science and History from the University of Pune
Occupation Human rights defender
Years active 1996–present
Religion Islam
Children Adam and Malak
Website
http://www.bahrainrights.org/

Nabeel Ahmed Abdulrasool Rajab (Arabic: نبيل أحمد عبدالرسول رجب‎) is a Bahraini human rights defender and President of the Bahrain Center for Human Rights (BCHR), a nonprofit non-governmental organisation which works to promote human rights in Bahrain.[1] He is also a member of the Advisory Committee of Human Rights Watch's Middle East Division, Deputy Secretary General for the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH),[2][3] Chairman of CARAM Asia[4][5] and president of Gulf Center for Human Rights.[6] As a result of his human rights activities he has been threatened and harassed by the Bahraini authorities.[7][8]

Nabeel, currently a father of two, started his human rights activity during the 1990s uprising and since then he became a founding member of many human rights organisations, not only in Bahrain, but also in the Gulf. Nabeel drew attention to the conditions which migrant workers face in GCC countries, attained positions at several international human rights organisations and received international human rights prizes. He has been active in promoting the culture of human rights through the online media, especially Facebook and Twitter where he has 140,803 followers (as of May 2012).

During the 2011-2012 Bahraini uprising, Nabeel led protests from the first day and supported the human rights of protesters. As a result he was in direct conflict with the political authorities and security forces. His house was attacked with tear gas, he was arrested many times, allegedly beaten, and threatened with death. Yet he continued criticizing the government, calling their reforms cosmetic, organizing and leading protests. Due to this, in their documentary "People & Power : Anniversary of Bahrain Revolution" Al Jazeera English named Nabeel "The unofficial leader of the 14 February movement".[9]

Contents

Biography

Nabeel Rajab was born on 1 January 1964. He is married and has 2 children. He finished his secondary school education in 1983 in Bahrain, specialising in science. He received his Bachelor's degree in Political Science and History in 1987 from the University of Pune (formerly University of Poona) in India.

Human rights activism

Early years

In an interview with Bahrain Mirror,[10] Nabeel Rajab spoke about his earliest human rights activities while still a student at Al Hoora secondary school and described two particularly significant formative experiences:

“ Two events affected me most, one when a colleague dropped himself from second floor to escape under-covered police who stormed school. The second incident was when a dear teacher was arrested. That is when my voice started to rise and become annoying. I was caught while writing apolitical human rights statements on school walls and was given the choice to either be submitted to police or to switch school. I was the top student back then, but I choose to switch to Sheikh Abdul Aziz school ”

Rajab traveled to India to study Political Science and History. He received his Bachelor's degree but financial problems after his father became ill prevented him obtaining a Master's degree. He returned to Bahrain to find employment. During his college years, he remained independent of political affiliations. Despite lacking a clear understanding of what constitutes a culture of human rights or knowledge of human rights standards and norms, he was active within the general Bahraini students union, speaking out against all forms of injustice. He became involved in international campaigning on specific issues.[10]

Organized work

It was during the 1990s uprising in Bahrain that Nabeel Rajab became involved in organized human rights activities. He tried to make contact with human rights organizations in other countries. Because of the risks associated with human rights activism at that time, these activities had to remain clandestine. In 1996 Rajab discussed the idea of setting up a human rights organization with Ali Rabea'a and Ibrahim Kamal Al Den. They introduced him to Salman Kamal Al Den, Sabeeka Al Najjar, Mohammed Al Motawa and other colleagues with whom they held secret meetings. Together they founded the Bahrain Human Rights Society in 1999.[10]

Foundation of Human Rights committees

With the ending of the oppressive State Security Law period in 1999, Nabeel Rajab was able to begin working openly in the field of Human rights as one of the founders of the Bahrain Human Rights Society, one of the first human rights organization in Bahrain.

He subsequently fell out with some of the other founders and in 2002, following wide ranging political reforms by the Bahraini government which allowed independent Human rights groups to operate, with Abdulhadi Alkhawaja and others Nabeel Rajab was one of the founders of the Bahrain Center for Human Rights (BCHR). Rajab was Training Program Officer and Senior Researcher at BCHR between September 2002 and September 2003, when he became Vice President and Head of International Relations until 2005. In 2007 he took over from Abdulhadi Alkhawaja as President of the Bahrain Center for Human Rights, a position he still holds (May 2011).

Nabeel was one of the founders of a number of human rights committees in Bahrain with a specific focus, including the National Committee of Victims of Torture-Bahrain (2003), the Committee of the Unemployed and Underpaid (2005), the Committee on Decent Housing (2005), the Committee of the Bedoun (Stateless) (2005) and the Committee to Defend Detained Human Rights Activists (2007).

Migrant workers rights

External videos
Nabeel Rajab defending migrant workers, London, November 2010 at Vimeo

Nabeel Rajab was one of the founders of the first migrant workers protection committee in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, the Migrant Workers Protection Group (in 2003).

On 28 April 2007, the Bahraini Parliament passed a law banning unmarried migrant workers from living in residential areas. BCHR issued a press release condemning this decision as discriminatory and promoting negative racist attitudes towards migrant workers.[11][12] Nabeel Rajab, then BCHR vice president, said:

“ It is appalling that Bahrain is willing to rest on the benefits of these people’s hard work, and often their suffering, but that they refuse to live with them in equality and dignity. The solution is not to force migrant workers into ghettos, but to urge companies to improve living conditions for workers – and not to accommodate large numbers of workers in inadequate space, and to improve the standard of living for them.[11][12] ”

In October 2009 Nabeel was elected Chairperson of CARAM Asia for 2 years. CARAM is a regional non-governmental organization, based in the Malaysian capital, Kuala Lumpur, that works to defend the rights of migrant workers, reduce the risks to which their communities are vulnerable, including HIV, and promote their health rights.

On 24 February 2010, Nabeel Rajab addressed the "World Congress against the Death Penalty" conference in Geneva on the subject of "Migrant Workers and the Death Penalty in Bahrain & Saudi Arabia".[13] He drew attention to the exceptional vulnerability of migrant workers in countries with systemic abuses and rights violations.[13]

Work with other international Human Rights organizations

Since December 2009, Nabeel has been a member of the Board of Advisors of the Middle East and North African division of Human Rights Watch.

In July 2010 the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) appointed Rajab to the position of Deputy Secretary General and FIDH permanent representative in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. In March 2011 Nabeel Rajab was elected Deputy Chairperson of the Arab media monitoring group for a 2 year period.

Human rights activities

As a human rights defender Nabeel Rajab has worked to promote a culture of human rights and defend civil and political rights and liberties both inside and outside Bahrain. While promoting the rights of all, his work has focused in particular on fighting discrimination and protecting migrant workers.

In Bahrain, Nabeel Rajab supports the victims of Human rights violations for example by accompanying them at peaceful sit-ins and helping them obtain legal support.

As President of Bahrain Center for Human Rights, he is involved in monitoring and reporting human rights violations in Bahrain and the wider region. Bahrain Center for Human Rights, whose website is blocked in Bahrain, is the principal human rights body documenting human rights violation in Bahrain and reporting them to international human rights organizations and UN mechanisms for human rights.

At forums and seminars on human rights he has drawn attention to the situation concerning Human rights in Bahrain and the region and called on the international community to take action. He has also participated in multiple fact-finding missions organized by international non-governmental organizations, including FIDH missions investigating Torture, Enforced Disappearances, Arbitrary Arrests, Detentions and Fair Trial Guarantees in Yemen[14] (August 2009) and Terrorism and Human Rights in the Philippines Fighting Terror or Terrorizing?.[15]

2011 Ion Ratiu Democracy Award

On 28 July, it was announced that Nabeel Rajab will receive the 2011 Ion Ratiu Democracy Award, presented annually by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.[16][17] Because he "has worked tirelessly and at considerable personal peril to advance the cause of democratic freedoms and the civil rights of Bahraini citizens".[18]

The purpose of the Ion Ratiu Democracy Award is to bring visibility and international recognition to the ideas and accomplishments of individuals around the world who are working on behalf of democracy.[18]

The award strives to enrich the intellectual environment in which ideas about democracy and democratic change circulate, both within and beyond Washington. Sponsored in cooperation With the Ratiu Family Charitable Foundation (London, UK) and the Ratiu Center for Democracy (Turda, Romania), the award expresses the deep commitment to democracy of the late Ion Ratiu through his contributions as a Romanian politician and.intellectual as well as his interest in democratic change worldwide.[18]

The Silbury Prize

On 13 September, Nabeel Rajab received the Silbury Prize to "facilitate his on-going humanitarian and human rights work". Lord Avebury, a trustee and Secretary of the Parliamentary Human Rights Group, said: “This latest crackdown follows the severe attacks on doctors, other professionals, trade unionists and human rights activists; extreme violence against peaceful demonstrators, and show trials of leading members of the opposition”.

The Silbury Fund is a UK registered charity which, since its foundation in 1973 has supported numerous individuals and educational projects concerned with the promotion of human rights, democracy and fighting racism.[19]

Threats and harassment prior to 2011

Beating marks on the back of Nabeel Rajab after police attacked a peaceful protest on 15 July 2005

Since 2005, Nabeel Rajab has been the subject of ongoing harassment including physical attacks and smear campaigns in the media (official TV, radio channels, Bahrain news agency and newspapers close to government).[20][21][22] In a postal campaign targeting Rajab and his wife thousands of letters were distributed [23] accusing him and his wife of being traitors and including his photo. Thousands of telephone text messages were sent to people in Bahrain via a company in South Africa that was paid through the private account of Sheikh Ahmed bin Ateyatalla Al-Khalifa, former Minister of state. The complaints filed by Rajab and his wife filed with the Office of the Public Prosecutor were ignored and never investigated.

On 15 July 2005, Nabeel was beaten by Special Forces whilst attending a peaceful demonstration in solidarity with the Committee for the Unemployed. He suffered a spinal injury, a broken finger, a fractured arm and a head injury[24] and was hospitalised for two weeks as a result (see pictures). He continues to suffer the consequences of the spinal injury.

In March 2007, Nabeel was interrogated by the Office of the Public Prosecutor in relation to an article published by BCHR about the 'Bandargate Scandal', a government plan to marginalize the majority Shia community in Bahrain.[25]

In 2007 the organisation Front Line (International Foundation for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders) which campaigns to protect human rights defenders at risk who work, non-violently, for the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, expressed deep concern that ongoing intimidation and harassment was intended to discourage Nabeel Rajab from carrying out legitimate peaceful activities in defence of human rights in Bahrain, citing in particular the rights of freedom of expression and opinion, freedom of assembly and freedom of association.[26]

In August 2009, Nabeel Rajab was arrested for a few hours after attending a peaceful sit-in in front of the Saudi Arabian embassy in solidarity with Al-Murbati family one of whose family members has been imprisoned in Saudi Arabia for 7 years without trial.[27]

In September 2010 Nabeel Rajab's photograph was published a number of times by the government-owned Alwatan Newspaper which accused him of supporting an alleged terrorism network and being "active in publishing false reports and information". On September 4, 2010, the Bahrain National News Agency (BNA) published a statement coming from the national security services which referred to Rajab as having been officially accused of involvement in the alleged terrorist network and posted his picture at the agency website. The following day the agency removed Mr. Rajab’s name and photo from the statement.[28]

During this time, the authorities imposed a ban preventing Nabeel Rajab from engaging in any new business in Bahrain that made it difficult for him to earn a living. The ban was subsequently lifted without any justification having been given for it.[29][30]

Nabeel Rajab and Abdulhadi Alkhawaja helping an old woman after police attacked a peaceful protest in 14 August 2010

When the security crackdown in mid August 2010 started many human rights defenders were arrested. An order for Nabeel Rajab's arrest was issued on 8 September 2010 but was cancelled on 18 October 2010.[31] Nabeel was the subject of a travel ban between September 2010 to October 2010.[32]

On 2 December 2010, Nabeel Rajab was detained by national security police for an hour at Manama airport as he was about to fly to Greece. He was subjected to selective security measures, threatened and his personal laptop and mobile phone were confiscated (along with the other electronic devices in his possession). All the files and other information on these devices were copied, including family pictures and files related to Rajab's human rights work.[33]

Rajab's phone and electronic communication are closely monitored, as the questioning of current detainees about their relationship and work with Rajab has revealed.

In December 2010 Human Rights Watch commented that although Bahrain's leaders repeatedly insisted that the Bahraini government respected human rights, its harassment of Nabeel Rajab told another story.[34]

Involvement in the 2011-2012 Bahraini uprising

Nabeel Rajab (left) along with Ali Abdulemam (middle) and Abdulhadi Alkhawaja (right) taking part in a pro-democracy march on 23 February

Nabeel Rajab's activities in support of the human rights of protesters in the 2011-2012 Bahraini uprising have brought him into conflict with the political authorities and security forces.

In March 2011 he condemned the Bahrain government's use of force against peaceful protesters and the Bahrain Center for Human Rights accused Bahraini forces and their Saudi and Emirati allies of "massacres" after four protesters were killed.

In the early hours of 20 March, a group of 20 to 25 masked men, some armed with rifles and accompanied by dozens of uniformed Bahraini security forces, broke into Rajab's house. Rajab was detained and his files and a computer confiscated. He reported that they blindfolded and handcuffed him and put him into the back of a vehicle before verbally abusing, beating and threatening to rape him. He claimed that they kicked him when he refused to say that he loved the prime minister. He was taken to a Ministry of Interior detention facility in Adliya, a suburb of Manama. After being briefly questioned about someone he did not know, he was released.[35][36][37]

On April 10, officials publicly accused Rajab of fabricating photos posted on his twitter account of the body of Ali Isa Ibrahim Saqer, who died in detention on April 9. The Ministry of Interior announced that Rajab would be referred to the Military Prosecutor for legal action.[38] The photos showed slash marks all over his back and other signs of physical abuse, and were confirmed as accurate by a Human Rights Watch researcher who had seen the body prior to burial.[39][40] Five prison guards were subsequently charged with Saqer's death.[41]

External videos
Front Line interview with Nabeel Rajab about attacks on his house on YouTube
Tear gas fired at Rajab's house on 18 April (left) and 21 May (right)

In incidents on 18 April, 21 May and 15 December[42] tear gas grenades were fired at Rajab's house in the village of Bani Jamra by unknown assailants. In the first incident, Human Rights Watch identified the grenades thrown into the Rajab family's compound as US-manufactured munitions to which only Bahrain's security forces would have had access. Tear gas penetrated into the adjacent home of Rajab's 78-year-old mother who suffers from respiratory disease, causing her great distress.[43][44]

In the early hours of 21 May four gas grenades were fired at the house. This time, according to Rajab, the grenades were smaller than those used in the mid-April assault and there were no marks identifying the manufacturer.[37][45][46]

In early May 2011, an anonymous smear campaign targeting Nabeel Rajab and Maryam Alkhawaja had been launched with the Bahraini authorities' active support.[47] Later in the month Rajab claimed that his uncle, Moh'd Hassan Moh'd Jawad (65 years), an arrested activist, was being tortured because of their relationship.[48] Rajab was prevented by Muharraq airport security staff from traveling to Beirut to attend an IFEX meeting.[49][50][51] He was again prevented from traveling in June, this time to a conference in Cairo to which he had been invited by Amnesty International.[52]

Nabeel Rajab protesting outside Muharraq airport after being prevented from traveling to IFEX meeting in Beirut 29 May 2011

On 31 May, just after the King of Bahrain had called for dialogue without preconditions to begin in early July[53] the military court of the Bahrain Defence Force issued an order for Nabeel Rajab's arrest along with those of prominent Al Wefaq parliamentarians.[54][55] Rajab was accused of spreading false news and statements about the situation in Bahrain and promoting hatred and disrespect of a specific religious sect, in addition to humiliating the king of Bahrain.[56] All the detainees were released the same day.[57][58]

On 19 August after the BCHR website published an article titled "Some members of the Bahraini royal family beating & torturing political prisoners", Nabeel Rajab was ordered to report to the police station in Hamad Town for questioning about his Twitter activity and was released shortly after.[59][60][61]

On 5 December, Adel Flaifel, a former colonel in the State Security and Intelligence Service of Bahrain who is close to the Prime Minister, threatened by twit Messrs. Mohammed Al-Maskati, Nabeel Rajab and Yousef Al-Mahafdha. He said “Maskati and Nabeel Rajab your future death and hell”. Addressing to the three human rights defenders, he also wrote “Will not be silent about you”.[62]

Although expecting to be arrested at any time, Rajab has continued his work of documenting and reporting human right violations, securing international support and helping provide the families of detainees with moral support. He has made skilful use of the new social media technology to raise awareness and distribute up-to-date information about the situation in Bahrain.[63]

2012

Further information: Timeline_of_the_2011–2012_Bahraini_uprising#6_January
External videos
Nabeel Rajab speaking with police officer in charge during a protest in Manama followed by police crackdown on YouTube
Video posted by Ministry of Interior to support their statements on YouTube
Bruising on Nabeel Rajab face after allegedly getting beaten by police

On 6 January, after leading a peaceful protest in Fareeq el-Makharqa in Manama at night Nabeel Rajab was hospitalized and briefly detained[64] with injuries from an alleged beating, which the opposition blamed on security forces.[65] In their Twitter account, Ministry of interior denied the charge, saying police found Nabeel Rajab "lying on the ground" and referred him to hospital.[66] The next day they posted an edited, two-minute clip -with voice removed- on their official YouTube channel to back up their claims.[67] In the footage, Rajab can be seen walking to the ambulance, initially with the assistance of police officers and then independently while making a phone call. The Arabic term for lying down has already garnered its own hashtag, used by opposition activists to make fun of ministry of interior story.[64]

Rajab was arrested again on 5 May in airport after arriving from Lebanon, one day before his scheduled hearing about a march he attended in March.[68] Julian Assange said he believes Rajab's arrest was due to being featured in his talk-show. Ministry of Interior didn't specify reasons for his arrest during the first day[69], however the following day they issued a statement stating Rajab was arrested for "committing a number of crimes".[70] FIDH[68] and Al Wefaq[71] called for his "immediate and unconditional release", the Gulf Center for Human Rights and the Bahrain Center for Human Rights expressed their "grave concern". The latter said Rajab has been charged with "participating in illegal assembly and calling others to join" and could face more charges such as "insulting the statutory bodies".[72] On 6 May, Rajab denied the charges against him[68] and public prosecution decided to keep him under arrest for 7 days.[73] His lawyer, Mohammed al-Jishy said "Nabeel Rajab's tweets led him to jail; this is the accusation against him by public prosecution". Manama Voice, an electronic newspaper said it's most likely those tweets in which Rajab spoke about Ministry of Interior.[71] Amnesty International designated Rajab a prisoner of conscience and called for his immediate and unconditional release.[74] Rajab was granted bail on 20 May, but given a second charge of "organizing illegal protests" that prevented his release. Activists accused Bahraini authorities of trying "to find any way of keeping Rajab off the streets".[75]

The Bahraini "National Dialogue"

Further information: Bahrain national dialogue

On 31 May, the king of Bahrain Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, called for a national dialogue to resolve ongoing tensions.[76] The genuine substance of this proposal has been disputed by many opposition figures.[77][78][79] - it has even been referred to disparagingly as a "chitchat room".[80] Nabeel Rajab welcomed the principle of dialogue as offering the only way out of the current political crisis, but criticized the current process. He considered it wrong to participate in a fake dialogue "that provokes sectarian tensions instead of resolving the current conflict".[81] He rejected the government's attempt to frame the dialogue in terms of a discussion between Sunna and Shia because the problem and the political crisis were rooted in the relationship between the people of Bahrain and the ruling regime.[82]

Other support for protesters

Nabeel Rajab supported February 14 Youth Coalition call for a "Right of Self-Determination"[83] and took part in the two "Right of Self Determination" assemblies in late June[84] and early July.[85][86]

He has campaigned with other human rights and political activists, in particular Mohammed Al-Maskati of BYSHR and former Al-Wefaq MP Sayed Hadi Al-Mosawi, on behalf of the families of victims of the violence. After being given Ali Al-Mo'men's ring by the family he described it as "the most valuable gift in my life."[87][88][89]

Irish Delegation meet with Nabeel Rajab at his home

Irish fact finding delegation

The Irish Fact Finding Delegation, a group of Irish doctors, politicians and human rights representatives led by orthopaedic surgeon Damian McCormack traveled to Bahrain with high level political support to investigate the plight of doctors, nurses, and paramedics arrested for treating supporters of the 2011 Bahrain Uprising. The delegation met with Nabeel Rajab at his home on 15 July where he showed them how his house has been targeted with tear gas for speaking out about human rights abuses.[90]

Criticism of the United States

On 26 July Al Jazeera English published an interview with Nabeel Rajab in which he criticized the US role in Bahrain. "The silence of United States has disappointed people very much," he said. "It is very clear now that the United States democracy and human rights are only applied in countries which they have problems with, not with dictatorships that they have good relations with," he added.[91]

He criticized them again on 21 December in an interview with National Post. “The government of the United States is backing the royals in this part of the world. They are supporting the dictators. The U.S. looks very hard on Syria and Libya but, when they look at their allies, are very soft,” he said.[92]

Online Activity

Nabeel has been active in promoting the culture of human rights through the online media, especially Facebook and Twitter, where he posts educational messages on human rights in addition to updates about human rights violations. He uses Twitter[93] and Facebook [94] where he has 60,614 likes (as of May 2012) to empower people around the Gulf region by demonstrating how social media can be used to enhance the region's human rights culture.

In the 2011 Forbes list of the top 100 Arabs on Twitter, Nabeel Rajab was ranked number 43 with 36040 followers[95] (currently 140,803 - May 2012). He was ranked number 2 in Bahrain behind foreign minister Khalid Al-Khalifa who congratulated him after the results were posted.[96]

First Arab Twitter prosecution

In April 2011 the Bahraini Interior Ministry announced that Rajab would be prosecuted by a military court for the offence of publishing an image on his personal Twitter account of the Bahraini Ali Issa Saqr, who had died in Bahrain prison. The Ministry accused Rajab of fabricating the pictures showing signs of torture on Sakr's body. Rajab denied fabricating the photograph and held the Bahraini security services responsible for Sakr's death. Bahraini activists maintained that the photographs show that Saqr he was tortured and killed while in police custody.[97][98][99]

The Arabic Network for Human Rights Information noted that Rajab's would be the first trial for tweeting (publishing information on Twitter) anywhere in the Arab world and an illustration of the Bahraini government's "implacable hostility ... against the freedom of expression and Internet freedom". ANHRI accused the Bahraini government of not being prepared to overlook any means of expression of opinion as it restricted citizens's ability to engage in the peaceful expression of their views.[100]

On 5 May 2012, Rajab was detained and charged the next day based on a number of his tweets, his lawyer said. Postecution decided to keep him under arrest for seven days.[71]

Additional Images

  • Rajab hospitalized after being attacked by government security forces at a peaceful demonstration in 15 July 2005

  • Nabeel Rajab (right) along with Abdulhadi Alkhawaja (left) at a pro-democracy march

  • Nabeel Rajab (left) visit to Freedom House along with Abdulhadi Alkhawaja (right)

  • Nabeel Rajab with his mother after the first attack on his house on 18 April 2011

  • Military court order for Nabeel Rajab 31 May 2011

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ Bahrain Center for Human Rights website, accessed 17 May 2011
  2. ^ "Nabeel Rajab Appointed as the Deputy Secretary-General for the International Federation for Human Rights", BCHR website, Accessed 18 May 2011
  3. ^ "Interview of Nabeel Rajab president of Bahrain center for human rights, deputy secretary general of FIDH", FIDH website, 18 February 2011, Accessed 18 May 2011
  4. ^ "CARAM Asia Elects New Board of Directors", CARAM Asia website, 2 November 2009, accessed 18 May 2011
  5. ^ "President of BCHR elected to be the Chairperson of CARAM Asia for 2 years" BCHR website, Accessed 18 May 2011
  6. ^ Staff writer (6 January 2012). "Bahrain: Vicious Attack on Human Rights defender Nabeel Rajab". Gulf Center for Human Rights. http://gc4hr.org/news/view/54. Retrieved 6 January 2012. 
  7. ^ "Bahrain: End Harassment of Prominent Rights Defender" HWR website, 7 December 2010, Accessed 18 May 2011
  8. ^ http://en.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/rapport-internet2012_ang.pdf
  9. ^ (in English) English JSC People & Power : Anniversary of Bahrain Revolution. 15 February 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaeCJejz-Hk. 
  10. ^ a b c Staff writer (7 June 2011). "Special interview with Nabeel Rajab". Bahrain Mirror. http://bahrainmirror.com/article.php?id=1067&cid=82. Retrieved 16 June 2011. 
  11. ^ a b Staff writer (28 April 2007). "Bahraini parliament moves to segregate migrants from citizens". Migrant rights. http://www.migrant-rights.org/2007/04/28/bahraini-parliament-moves-to-segregate-migrants-from-citizens/. Retrieved 11 July 2011. 
  12. ^ a b Staff writer (28 April 2007). "Parliament's law to ban migrant workers who are unmarried from living in residential areas is discriminatory attitudes". Bahrain Centre for Human Rights. http://www.bahrainrights.org/node/1202. Retrieved 11 July 2011. 
  13. ^ a b Staff writer (24 February 2010). "Migrant Workers and the Death Penalty in Bahrain & Saudi Arabia". Bahrain Centre for Human Rights. http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3054. Retrieved 11 July 2011. 
  14. ^ "In the name of national security.. human rights violations in Yemen", FIDH pdf file, accessed 18 May 2011[dead link]
  15. ^ "Terrorism and Human Rights in the Philippines Fighting Terror or Terrorizing?", FIDH pdf file, accessed 18 May 2011
  16. ^ "Bahraini Human Rights Activist Nabeel Rajab to Receive 2011 Ion Ratiu Democracy Award", Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 29 July 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2011.
  17. ^ "Bahrain/Washington: Nabeel Rajab Awarded the 2011 Ion Ratiu Democracy Award by the Washington based Woodrow Wilson Intemational Center for Scholars", Front Line, 28 July 2011, accessed 31 JUly 2011
  18. ^ a b c Staff writer (28 July 2011). "Bahrain/Washington: Nabeel Rajab Awarded the 2011 Ion Ratiu Democracy Award". Bahrain Center for Human Rights. http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/4436. Retrieved 31 July 2011. 
  19. ^ BCHR: "Bahraini human rights activist Nabeel Rajab receives the Silbury Prize", 14 September, Retrieved 2 October 2011
  20. ^ "Bahrain: Media harassment campaign against BCHR and its president Nabeel Rajab", Front Line website, 2009/11/25 Accessed 18 May 2011
  21. ^ "Newly Elected Chair of CARAM Asia Faces Unfounded Media Accusations" CARAM Asia website, 19 November 2009, accessed 18 May 2011
  22. ^ Staff writer (18 February 2009). "Bahrain: Charges against human rights defender Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja". Front Line. http://www.frontlinedefenders.org/node/1805. Retrieved 11 July 2011. 
  23. ^ "Human Rights Defenders at Risk in Bahrain", Front Line pdf file, 31 October 2007 Accessed 18 May 2011
  24. ^ "Front Line Human Rights Defenders beaten in Bahrain" BCHR website, 16 July 2005 Accessed 18 May 2011
  25. ^ "Human Rights Defender to be Investigated for Publicizing Bandargate Scandal" BCHR website, 12 March 2007 Accessed 18 May 2011
  26. ^ "Bahrain: Ongoing harassment of human rights defender", Front Line website, 13 July 2007, accessed 17 May 2011
  27. ^ "The Arrest of the BCHR president for his solidarity with Al-Mirbati's Family-Al-Mirbati the Forgotten Prisoner in the Saudi" BCHR website Accessed 18 May 2011
  28. ^ "On the Threshold of the Parliamentary Elections: Bahrain Enters a Battle to Abolish the Work of Human Rights Defenders" BCHR website, 10 September 2010 Accessed 18 May 2011
  29. ^ "HRW: Bahrain: Rescind Travel Ban on Rights Defenders", BCHR website, 29 September 2010, Accessed 18 May 2011
  30. ^ "Appeal Letter to the King of Bahrain" CARAM Asia website, September 2010, accessed 18 May 2011
  31. ^ "Order issued to arrest Nabeel Rajab and another order issued not to arrest" Nabeel Rajab Twitter page, 14 November 2010 Accessed 18 May 2011
  32. ^ "Bahrain imposes De-facto Ban on travel against Human Rights Defenders" BCHR website, 29 September 2010 Accessed 18 May 2011
  33. ^ "The brief detention of the president of Bahrain Center for Human Rights in his country’s airport" BCHR website, 7 December 2010 Accessed 18 May 2011
  34. ^ "Bahrain: End Harassment of Prominent Rights Defender" HRW website, 7 December 2010, Accessed 18 May 2011
  35. ^ "Bahrain: New Arrests Target Doctors, Rights Activists", HWR website, 20 March 2011, accessed 18 May 2011
  36. ^ "Bahrain briefly detains human rights activist", Reuters.com website, 20 March 2011, accessed 17 May 2011
  37. ^ a b "Attack Against Mr. Nabeel Rajab's house", FIDH, 23 May 2011, accessed 27 May 2011
  38. ^ Nabil Rajab to be referred to military prosecutor for fabricating photo (Report). Ministry of Interior Media Center. 2011-04-10. http://www.policemc.gov.bh/en/news_details.aspx?type=1&articleId=6696. Retrieved 2011-12-30. 
  39. ^ "Bahrain: Attack on Rights Defender’s Home", HRW website, 18 April 2011, accessed 18 May 2011
  40. ^ "Bahrain accuses human rights leader of faking pictures of beating", Guardian website, 11 April 2011, Accessed 18 May 2011
  41. ^ "Uncertainty Reigns in Bahrain Amid Mix of Normalcy, State of Siege", PBS NEWSHOUR, 17 May 2011, Accessed on 18 May 2011
  42. ^ Staff writer (16 December 2011). "نبيل رجب يتهم السلطات باستهداف منزله". Bahrain Mirror. http://Bahrainmirror.org/article.php?id=2541&cid=73. Retrieved 28 December 2011. 
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  46. ^ "Bahrain's top human rights activist targeted two days after Obama speech" Roy Gutman, McClatchy Newspapers, 21 May 2011, accessed 22 May 2011
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  48. ^ "Focus on torturing activist Moh'd Hassan Moh'd Jawad (aged 65) because he is my uncle", Nabeel Rajab Twitter, 23 May 2011, accessed 23 May 2011
  49. ^ "I was prevented from traveling again to attend a meeting for IFAX in Beirut" Nabeel Rajab Facebook page, 29 May 2011, accessed 29 May 2011
  50. ^ "I was stopped by security forces in airport just now", Nabeel Rajab Twitter page, 29 May 2011, accessed 29 May 2011
  51. ^ "I was prevented from traveling, going home now", Nabeel Rajab Twitter page, 29 May 2011, accessed 29 May 2011
  52. ^ "Today I was prevented from traveling for the third time in 2 months, I was invited by Amnesty international to a conference in Cairo", Nabeel Rajab Facebook page, 18 June 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
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  56. ^ "They added a new charge to me that wasn't on the paper: humiliating king of Bahrain", Nabeel Rajab Twitter page, 1 June 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  57. ^ "Summons for Mr. Nabeel Rajab for interrogation", FIDH, 3 June 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  58. ^ "I was released from military court building by 11:30 pm and they were respectful during investigation", Nabeel Rajab Twitter page, 1 June 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  59. ^ "تلقيت اتصال من شخص يطلب حضوري الى مركز دوار ١٧ بعد الفطور والسبب هو ان كتاباتي على التويتر- لكني رفضت طريقة الاحظارية وطلبت احضارية رسمية", Nabeel Rajab, 19 August 2011, Retrieved 21 August 2011
  60. ^ "لقد استلمت الاحضارية الكتابية من المركز", Nabeel Rajab, 19 August 2011, Retrieved 21 August 2011
  61. ^ "اعتقد ان سبب الاستدعاء المباشر هو البيان الاخير للمركز ولكن التحقيق كان عن كل التغريدات", Nabeel Rajab, 20 August 2011, Retrieved 21 August 2011
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  63. ^ "Despite Crackdown, Bahraini Human Rights Defenders Continue to Fight for Democracy", Human Rights First, 13 June 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
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  66. ^ Staff writer (6 January 2012). "MOI statement regarding attack on Nabeel Rajab". Ministry of the Interior (Bahrain). Archived from the original on 6 January 2012. https://twitter.com/#!/moi_bahrain/status/155365814185377793. Retrieved 6 January 2012. 
  67. ^ تجمع غير مرخص في المخارقة. Fareeq el-Makharqa, Manama, Bahrain. 7 January 2011. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDdh875X6Sc. 
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  69. ^ "Bahrain arrests main human rights activist Nabeel Rajab", Russia Today, 5 May 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  70. ^ (Arabic)"القبض على المدعو نبيل رجب لارتكابه عدداً من الجرائم", Bahrain Ministry of Interior, 6 May 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  71. ^ a b c (Arabic)"إعتقال نبيل رجب بسبب تغريدات "مهينة" لـ"الداخلية"", Manama Voice, 6 May 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012
  72. ^ "Bahrain Authorities Continue to Detain, Target and Harass Human Rights Defenders", Bahrain Center for Human Rights, 5 May 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  73. ^ (Arabic)"محمد الجشي: النيابة العامة تقرر حبس نبيل رجب لمدة 7 أيام", Al Wasat, 6 May 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
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  75. ^ "Bahraini activist granted bail but not released". Reuters. 20 May 2012. http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCABRE84J07020120520. Retrieved 20 May 2012. 
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  79. ^ "'Bahrain Dialogue doomed from outset'", Press TV, 8 July 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
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  81. ^ "Dialogue is the only way out of the current political crisis (..)", Nabeel Rajab, 29 June 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
  82. ^ "The dialogue is not between Sunna and Shia (..) it is between people of Bahrain and the ruling regime", Nabeel Rajab, 24 June 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
  83. ^ "All people have the right of self-determination", Nabeel Rajab, 29 June 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  84. ^ "With you in gathering of right of self determination", Nabeel Rajab, 29 June 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  85. ^ "With you in gathering of right of self determination (2)", Nabeel Rajab, 6 July 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  86. ^ "With you in gathering of right of self determination (2)", Nabeel Rajab, 6 July 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  87. ^ "We were lucky to visit families of martyrs Ali Mansoor Khudhair and Ahmed Farhan", Al-Wefaq Facebook page, 25 June 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  88. ^ "During our visit to the house of martyr Ahmed Farhan, the area was attacked by riot police", Nabeel Rajab, 26 June 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  89. ^ "Ali Al-Mo'men ring is the most valuable gift in my life", Nabeel Rajab, 29 June 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  90. ^ "Irish delegation at my home", Nabeel Rajab, 15 July 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
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  93. ^ http://twitter.com/#!/NABEELRAJAB
  94. ^ Nabeel Rajab | Facebook
  95. ^ List of top 100 Arabs on Twitter, Forbes, 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
  96. ^ "Congratulating my compatriots @NABEELRAJAB (43)", Khalid Al-Khalifa, 4 July 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
  97. ^ "Government accuses activist of fabricating photo in Bahrain", CNN Wire Staff, 11 April 2011, accessed 17 May 2011
  98. ^ "Nabeel Rajab to Appear Before the Military Public Prosecutor" Bahrain News Agency website, 10 April 2011, Accessed 18 May 2011
  99. ^ "Nabil Rajab to be referred to military prosecutor for fabricating photo", Ministry of Interior website, 10 April 2011, Accessed 18 May 2011
  100. ^ Arabic Network for Human Rights Information "Bahrain: First Arabic Case Over Publishing on Twitter. The Arabic Network Condemns The Trial of The Prominent Activist Nabeel Rajab For Publishing Images on Twitter", ANHRI website, 11 April 2011, accessed 17 May 2011
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