nalidixic acid
American Heritage Dictionary:
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na·li·dix·ic acid
(nā'lĭ-dĭk'sĭk) 
n.
A compound, C12H12N2O3, used to treat infections of the genital and urinary tracts caused by gram-negative bacteria.
n.
A compound, C12H12N2O3, used to treat infections of the genital and urinary tracts caused by gram-negative bacteria.
[Shortening and alteration of naphthyridine and carboxylic acid, elements of one of its chemical names.]
Oxford A-Z of Medicinal Drugs:
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nalidixic acid
A quinolone antibiotic, similar to ciprofloxacin, that is used for the treatment of urinary-tract infections. It is available, on prescription only, as a suspension.
Side effects and precautions:
see quinolones.
Interactions with other drugs:
Melphalan its adverse effects may be increased.
See also quinolones.
Proprietary preparation:
Uriben.
| naftidrofuryl oxalate, nafarelin, nadolol | |
| naloxone hydrochloride, naltrexone hydrochloride, nandrolone decanoate |
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry:
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nalidixic acid
1-ethyl-7-methyl-1,8-naphthyridin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid; a synthetic 4-quinolone antibiotic that is active against many Gram-negative bacteria. It specifically inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase thereby interfering with DNA synthesis. It has no apparent effect on eukaryotic DNA synthesis.
| nactin, nRNA, nM | |
| naloxone, naltrexone, nano+ |
Saunders Veterinary Dictionary:
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nalidixic acid
A naphthylidine derivative that inhibits DNA synthesis. Used for the treatment of urinary tract infections due to susceptible gram-negative bacteria. Side-effects in dogs include vomiting, diarrhea and seizures.
Mosby's Dental Dictionary:
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nalidixic acid
n
An antibacterial prescribed in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
Wikipedia on Answers.com:
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Nalidixic acid
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|---|---|
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 1-ethyl-7-methyl-4-oxo-[1,8]naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid | |
| Clinical data | |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Consumer Drug Information |
| Pregnancy cat. | B U.S. |
| Legal status | ? |
| Routes | Oral |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | 90% |
| Metabolism | Partially Hepatic |
| Half-life | 6-7 hours, significantly longer in renal impairment |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 389-08-2  |
| ATC code | J01MB02 |
| PubChem | CID 4421 |
| DrugBank | DB00779 |
| ChemSpider | 4268 |
| UNII | 3B91HWA56M |
| KEGG | D00183 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:100147 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL5 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C12H12N2O3 |
| Mol. mass | 232.235 g/mol |
| SMILES | eMolecules & PubChem |
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Nalidixic acid (tradenames Nevigramon, Neggram, Wintomylon and WIN 18,320) is the first of the synthetic quinolone antibiotics. In the technical sense, it is a naphthyridone, not a quinolone: its ring structure is a 1,8-naphthyridines nucleus that contains two nitrogen atoms, unlike quinoline, which has a single nitrogen atom.[1]
Synthetic quinolone antibiotics were discovered by George Lesher and coworkers as a byproduct of chloroquine manufacture in the 1960s.[1]
Nalidixic acid is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In lower concentrations, it acts in a bacteriostatic manner; that is, it inhibits growth and reproduction. In higher concentrations, it is bactericidal, meaning that it kills bacteria instead of merely inhibiting their growth.
It is especially used in treating urinary tract infections, caused, for example, by Escherichia coli, Proteus, Shigella, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella.. It is also a tool in studies as a regulation of bacterial division. It selectively and reversibly blocks DNA replication in susceptible bacteria. Nalidixic acid and related antibiotics inhibit a subunit of DNA gyrase and induce formation of relaxation complex analogue. It also inhibits the nicking dosing activity on the subunit of DNA gyrase that releases the positive binding stress on the supercoiled DNA. It is the only FDA approved quinolone for treating UTI infections in children (3).
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Contents
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Adverse effects
Convulsions and hyperglycaemia[2]
Spectrum of Bacterial Susceptibility and Resistance
Aeromonas hydrophila, Clostridium and Haemophilus influenza species are generally susceptible to Nalidixic acid, while other species such as Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus are resistant to Nalidixic acid. [3]
See also
References
- ^ a b Emmerson, A.; Jones, A. (2003). "The quinolones: decades of development and use". The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 51 Suppl 1 (90001): 13–20. doi:10.1093/jac/dkg208. PMID 12702699.
- ^ Fraser AG, Harrower AD (December 1977). "Convulsions and hyperglycaemia associated with nalidixic acid". Br Med J 2 (6101): 1518. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.6101.1518. PMC 1632822. PMID 589309. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1632822.
- ^ "Nalidixic acid spectrum of bacterial susceptibility and Resistance". http://www.toku-e.com/Upload/Products/PDS/20120522005430.pdf. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
3 Barkley, Nghiem, (Sept. 2011) "AAP reviews
use of systemic and topical Quinolones" Medscape educational briefs
External links
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Copyrights:
American Heritage Dictionary
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Oxford A-Z of Medicinal Drugs
Market University Press. © 2000, 2003, 2010 An A-Z of Medicinal Drugs. All rights reserved.
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Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry
Oxford University Press. Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology © 1997, 2000, 2006 All rights reserved.
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Saunders Veterinary Dictionary
Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved.
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Mosby's Dental Dictionary
Mosby's Dental Dictionary. Copyright © 2004 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
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