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Neoconservatism describes several distinct political ideologies which are considered new forms of conservatism. The usages of the term in liberal democracies are closely related, but its meanings in China and Iran are entirely different.
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Liberal democracies
- For the associated economic policy, see: Neoliberalism.
In liberal democracies, especially the United States, neoconservatism is associated with assertively interventionist foreign policy, an emphasis on free trade/free market economics, and a disapproval of counterculture; it may also be strongly associated with particular domestic policy positions, although these vary more from country to country.
Europe
Japan
United Kingdom
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In the United Kingdom, the most notable supporters of the neoconservative viewpoint in relation to foreign affairs are associated with the Henry Jackson Society. They include the academics Dr. Brendan Simms and James M. Rogers and the politicians Michael Gove, Michael Ancram, Edward Vaizey and Lord Trimble. Richard Perle has acted as a patron of the society. Another member, Oliver Kamm (who considers himself a leftist), wrote Anti-Totalitarianism: The Left-wing Case for a Neoconservative Foreign Policy (2005). The influential journalist Nick Cohen has also shown traits of neoconservatism and was described as a "neo-con", a label that he seems now to openly embrace.
Czech Republic
United States
Countries that are not liberal democracies
China
In the People's Republic of China, neoconservatism refers to the view that progress is best accomplished through gradual reform of society, eschewing revolution and sudden overthrow of the governmental system.
Iran
Neoconservatism in Iran is used synonymously with neo-fundamentalism to indicate the conviction that religious authority should be legally enforced (Shia fundamentalism), but coupled with a regard for modernist ideas of technological and social change, often drawing on populism, marxism and fascism. Another synonym is radical fundamentalism.
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