| Neotame | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| IUPAC name |
(3R)-3-(3,3-Dimethylbutylamino)-4-[[(1R)-2-methoxy-2-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)ethyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid
|
| Other names | E961 |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 165450-17-9 |
| PubChem | 3081923 |
| SMILES |
CC(C)(C)CCNC(CC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)OC
|
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C20H30N2O5 |
| Molar mass | 378.46 g/mol |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) | |
| Infobox references | |
Neotame is an artificial sweetener made by NutraSweet that is between 7,000 and 13,000 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar). In the European Union it is known by the E number E961. Neotame is moderately heat stable and extremely potent. Neotame is rapidly metabolized, completely eliminated, and does not accumulate in the body.[1]
The major metabolic pathway is hydrolysis of the methyl ester by esterases that are present throughout the body, which yields de-esterified neotame and methanol. Because only trace amounts of neotame are needed to sweeten foods, the amount of methanol derived from neotame is much lower than that found in common foods, such as fruit and vegetable juices. It has the characteristic aftertaste common to artificial sweeteners.
The product is attractive to food manufacturers as its use greatly lowers the cost of production compared to using sugar or high fructose corn syrup (due to the lower quantities needed to achieve the same sweetening)[2] while also benefitting the consumer by providing fewer "empty" sugar calories and a lower impact on blood sugar.
It is chemically similar to the artificial sweetener aspartame, but is used at vastly lower levels and is more stable. Chemically, it has a 3,3-dimethylbutyl group attached to the amino group of the aspartic acid portion of the molecule. Peptidases, which would typically break the peptide bond between the aspartic acid and phenylalanine moieties, are effectively blocked by the presence of the 3,3-dimethylbutyl moiety, thus reducing the production of phenylalanine, thereby making its consumption by those who suffer from phenylketonuria safe.[3]
Neotame was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for general use in July 2002, but is not yet widely used in food products. Neotame also is approved for use in Australia and New Zealand. Neotame is assigned the International Numbering System (INS) food additive code 961[4]
Controversies
Although over 100 studies were conducted on neotame to prove its safety prior to FDA approval,[5] the controversy relating to aspartame has caused a stir among opponents of artificial sweeteners.[6][unreliable source?]
However, Neotame is one of only two artificial sweeteners ranked as "safe" by the consumer advocacy group Center for Science in the Public Interest. The other is Sucralose.[7]
References
- ^ Dr. Abbott, P.J. "Neotame", "International Programme on Chemical Safety". Accessed August 31, 2007.
- ^ Food Navigator, Finance and Industry News. "Cost is the key to neotame's success". Accessed August 31, 2007.
- ^ Science Toys, Ingredient Listings. "Neotame Ingredients". Accessed August 31, 2007.
- ^ International Life Sciences Institute, Summary of evaluations performed by JECFA. "JECFA Evaluations - Neotame". Accessed April 16, 2008.
- ^ http://www.neotame.com/pdf/neotame_science_brochure_US.pdf
- ^ Neotame - It's Just Aspartame Without The Warning
- ^ [http://www.cspinet.org/reports/chemcuisine.htm Comparison and Safety Ratings of Food Additives], Center for Science in the Public Interest
External links
- Official Neotame Website, Sweeteners Holdings, Inc.
- Neotame Artificial Sweetener Approved by FDA
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
