Enolase 2 (gamma, neuronal), also known as ENO2 and neuron-specific enolase (abbreviated NSE), is a human gene.[1][2] It makes a phosphopyruvate hydratase.
This gene encodes one of the three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals. This isoenzyme, a homodimer, is found in mature neurons and cells of neuronal origin. A switch from alpha enolase to gamma enolase occurs in neural tissue during development in rats and primates.[1]
Utility
Detection of NSE with antibodies can be used to identify neuronal cells and cells with neuroendocrine differentiation.
References
Further reading
- Oliva D, Calì L, Feo S, Giallongo A (1991). "Complete structure of the human gene encoding neuron-specific enolase.". Genomics 10 (1): 157–65. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90496-2. PMID 2045099.
- Craig SP, Day IN, Thompson RJ, Craig IW (1991). "Localisation of neurone-specific enolase (ENO2) to 12p13.". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 54 (1-2): 71–3. doi:10.1159/000132960. PMID 2249478.
- Oliva D, Barba G, Barbieri G, et al. (1989). "Cloning, expression and sequence homologies of cDNA for human gamma enolase.". Gene 79 (2): 355–60. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(89)90217-5. PMID 2792767.
- McAleese SM, Dunbar B, Fothergill JE, et al. (1989). "Complete amino acid sequence of the neurone-specific gamma isozyme of enolase (NSE) from human brain and comparison with the non-neuronal alpha form (NNE).". Eur. J. Biochem. 178 (2): 413–7. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14465.x. PMID 3208766.
- Van Obberghen E, Kamholz J, Bishop JG, et al. (1988). "Human gamma enolase: isolation of a cDNA clone and expression in normal and tumor tissues of human origin.". J. Neurosci. Res. 19 (4): 450–6. doi:10.1002/jnr.490190409. PMID 3385803.
- Day IN, Allsopp MT, Moore DC, Thompson RJ (1987). "Sequence conservation in the 3'-untranslated regions of neurone-specific enolase, lymphokine and protooncogene mRNAs.". FEBS Lett. 222 (1): 139–43. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)80207-7. PMID 3653393.
- Haimoto H, Takahashi Y, Koshikawa T, et al. (1985). "Immunohistochemical localization of gamma-enolase in normal human tissues other than nervous and neuroendocrine tissues.". Lab. Invest. 52 (3): 257–63. PMID 3974199.
- Quan CP, Watanabe S, Vuillier F, et al. (1993). "Purification and partial amino acid sequence of suppressive lymphokine from a CD8+ CD57+ human T hybridoma.". Immunology 78 (2): 205–9. PMID 7682534.
- Angelov DN, Neiss WF, Gunkel A, et al. (1994). "Axotomy induces intranuclear immunolocalization of neuron-specific enolase in facial and hypoglossal neurons of the rat.". J. Neurocytol. 23 (4): 218–33. doi:10.1007/BF01275526. PMID 8035205.
- Pechumer H, Bender-Götze C, Ziegler-Heitbrock HW (1994). "Detection of neuron-specific gamma-enolase messenger ribonucleic acid in normal human leukocytes by polymerase chain reaction amplification with nested primers.". Lab. Invest. 69 (6): 743–9. PMID 8264236.
- Ansari-Lari MA, Shen Y, Muzny DM, et al. (1997). "Large-scale sequencing in human chromosome 12p13: experimental and computational gene structure determination.". Genome Res. 7 (3): 268–80. doi:10.1101/gr.7.3.268. PMID 9074930.
- Lau L (2002). "Neuroblastoma: a single institution's experience with 128 children and an evaluation of clinical and biological prognostic factors.". Pediatric hematology and oncology 19 (2): 79–89. doi:10.1080/08880010252825669. PMID 11881792.
- Wijnberger LD, Nikkels PG, van Dongen AJ, et al. (2002). "Expression in the placenta of neuronal markers for perinatal brain damage.". Pediatr. Res. 51 (4): 492–6. doi:10.1203/00006450-200204000-00015. PMID 11919335.
- O'Dwyer DT, Clifton V, Hall A, et al. (2002). "Pituitary autoantibodies in lymphocytic hypophysitis target both gamma- and alpha-Enolase - a link with pregnancy?". Arch. Physiol. Biochem. 110 (1-2): 94–8. doi:10.1076/apab.110.1.94.897. PMID 11935405.
- Chekhonin VP, Zhirkov YA, Belyaeva IA, et al. (2002). "Serum time course of two brain-specific proteins, alpha(1) brain globulin and neuron-specific enolase, in tick-born encephalitis and Lyme disease.". Clin. Chim. Acta 320 (1-2): 117–25. doi:10.1016/S0009-8981(02)00057-8. PMID 11983209.
- Nakatsuka S, Nishiu M, Tomita Y, et al. (2005). "Enhanced expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL).". Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 93 (4): 411–6. PMID 11985791.
- Fujiwara H, Arima N, Ohtsubo H, et al. (2002). "Clinical significance of serum neuron-specific enolase in patients with adult T-cell leukemia.". Am. J. Hematol. 71 (2): 80–4. doi:10.1002/ajh.10190. PMID 12353304.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.
- Rodríguez-Núñez A, Cid E, Rodríguez-García J, et al. (2003). "Neuron-specific enolase, nucleotides, nucleosides, purine bases, oxypurines and uric acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of children with meningitis.". Brain Dev. 25 (2): 102–6. doi:10.1016/S0387-7604(02)00160-2. PMID 12581805.
- Muley T, Ebert W, Stieber P, et al. (2003). "Technical performance and diagnostic utility of the new Elecsys neuron-specific enolase enzyme immunoassay.". Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 41 (1): 95–103. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2003.017. PMID 12636057.
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1te6: Crystal Structure of Human Neuron Specific Enolase at 1.8 angstrom
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2akm: Fluoride Inhibition of Enolase: Crystal Structure of the Inhibitory Complex
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2akz: Fluoride Inhibition of Enolase: Crystal Structure of the Inhibitory Complex
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