New Model Army

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Created by the Long Parliament early in 1645 out of the three existing armies of Essex, Manchester, and Sir William Waller. The new army represented the triumph of Oliver Cromwell in his political struggle against Essex and Manchester and, under the generalship of Sir Thomas Fairfax, vanquished the king's forces at Naseby June 1645).

For The Record...

Members include Jason “Moose” Harris (born in 1968; group member, 1985-90), bass, guitar, keyboards; Robert “Robb” Heaton (born in 1962 in Cheshire, England), drums, vocals, guitar; Stuart Morrow (left group, 1985), bass, guitar, vocals; Peter Nelson (joined group, 1990), bass, guitar, vocals, keyboards; Justin “Slade the Leveller” Sullivan (born in 1956 to a Quaker family in Buckinghamshire, England), lead vocals, songwriting, guitar, keyboards. Formed in Bradford, Yorkshire, England, 1980; released full-length debut Vengeance, single “The Price” reached number two on U.K. independent chart, 1984; “No Rest” climbed to number 28 on U.K. singles chart, 1985; released Thunder and Consolation, 1989; released Raw Melody Men, 1991; released The Love of Hopeless Causes, 1993; after a prolonged absence, released Strange Brotherhood, 1998; released Eight, 2000. Addresses: Record company—EMI, 5750 Wilshire Blvd., Ste. 300, Los Angeles, CA 90036, phone: (213) 692-1100. Business— New Model Army, P.O. Box 2736, Wincarton, BA8 0YF, U.K., phone: +44 (0)1274 660923. Website— New Model Army Official Website: http://www.newmodelarmy.org.

Punk rock group

Firmly rooted in the punk era, New Model Army emerged on the British music scene in the 1980s, a period rife with governmental conservatism and civil disorder. The group’s spirited, uncluttered brand of punk-folk music—often compared to the classic British rock stylings of the Clash, the Who, and Billy Bragg—spoke of subjects ranging from concern for the environment to disdain for a culture stricken with materialism and greed. New Model Army’s rebel chic, anti-establishment attitude attracted a sizable and fanatically loyal following of fans who shared the band’s grievances toward the decade’s right-wing government policies.

This phenomenon paved the way for other like-minded groups, most notably the Levellers, named after the mid-1640s democratic political movement led by John Lilburne. "Our following is the cream of the type of people that follow bands around," insisted New Model Army’s vocalist and guitarist, Justin "Slade the Leveller" Sullivan, as quoted by New Musical Express writer Amrik Rai. "They stay loyal and put themselves out for us because we’ve maintained from the start that we’re not a fad. We haven’t been hanging around in night

clubs playing at pop stars, we’ve been around for these people … and round and round."

Formed in Bradford, Yorkshire, England, in 1980, New Model Army outlined their objectives by naming themselves after the historical Thomas Fairfax/Oliver Cromwell revolutionary army that called for the abolition of the monarchy and the House of Lords. The founding members included Sullivan, born in 1956 to a Quaker family in Buckinghamshire, England; bassist and guitarist Stuart Morrow; and drummer and guitarist Robert "Robb" Heaton. At the time, citizens of Great Britain were being thrown off balance by the first blows of a conservative government headed by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, and New Model Army intended to stir up controversy. For instance, references to Thatcher as an "ignorant peasant," cited in the Rai article, and other such terms by Sullivan during interviews were not uncommon.

After the release of a series of singles on the independent Abstract label, New Model Army made their album debut in 1984 with Vengeance, an outright assault on Thatcherism. It included the working-class tribute "Small Town England" and the ode to lost innocence "A Liberal Education" alongside militant songs such as the title track, an angry diatribe about seeking justice, and "Spirit of the Falklands," which angered many who lost friends and family in the war in the Falkland Islands. But Sullivan, who believed in the possibility of a peaceful solution to the conflict, refused to apologize for his lyrics. "Well, if anybody told me that they found it insulting because they’d had friends or relatives killed in the war, I’d say I am very sorry but I still stand by every word of the song," he said to Melody Maker’s Barry Mcllheney. "Because the song is, in fact, in sympathy with the people who died, not an insult to them. It’s a straight political song against the politicians who sent those young guys out there. And I don’t think that all war is wrong, just that particular one was bloody stupid. I’m not a pacifist by any means."

Also in 1984, New Model Army enjoyed a surprise number-two British independent chart hit with the single "The Price," leading to an unlikely relationship with the major label EMI. With Jason "Moose" Harris taking over the bass position, the band returned with the albums No Rest for the Wicked and The Ghost of Cain, released in 1985 and 1986, respectively. Because of an increased recording budget, New Model Army were able to explore a more experimental, though no less impassioned, musical direction. On both records, the band opted for a more lush, folk-influenced sound, resulting in a wider audience for the group. Beginning in 1985 with the single "No Rest," which climbed to number 28 on the British singles chart, the group went on to claim an impressive run of hits through 1991.

Despite the popular success, New Model Army never softened their stance for commercial benefit. In addition to their often argumentative lyrics, the band welcomed confrontation, as when they wore T-shirts for the Top of the Pops television program bearing the slogan "Only Stupid Bastards Use Heroin" to express their anti-drug stance. "Drugs reflect a failing in your own self to cope," Sullivan explained to Rai. "I’d rather have a good game of football if something’s weighing on my mind. I don’t need to escape and drugs are escapism, pure and simple." The television stint was met with ridicule from some traditional punk-rockers, including the band Conflict, who fought back with their own motto: "Only Stupid Bastards Help EMI."

In 1989, following the 1988 release of Radio Sessions, New Model Army returned with the emotional and majestic Thunder and Consolation. Here, according to critics, the band achieved a perfect balance between the personal and political with memorable tracks such as the all-out rage "Stupid Questions" and the violinladen "Vagabonds." Thereafter, Harris left the group and was replaced by former Brotherhood of Lizards bassist Peter Nelson. The stabilized trio then entered the studio to record the tough 1990 album Impurity. The following year saw the release of the double-live set Raw Melody Men, the title an anagram of the group’s name.

A compromise between rawness and clarity and addressing social issues as well as love and loss, The Love of Hopeless Causes followed in 1993 on Epic Records. Featuring the blasting single "Here Comes the War," the ballad "Living in the Rose," and the acoustic number "These Words," the album garnered favorable reviews, as did the 1994 collection B-Sides and Abandoned Tracks. That same year, New Model Army also reworked the dance version of "Vengeance," issued in protest of Britain’s Criminal Justice Bill.

For several years thereafter, New Model Army was seen only occasionally playing the odd show, and many assumed they had disbanded. However, the group reconvened for 1998’s Strange Brotherhood, showing themselves still in the business of rebellion. Although more relaxed than previous efforts, the album, released on Eagle Records, received praises for its poignant lyrics and rousing choruses. In 2000, New Model Army released Eight, featuring the live favorite "Snelsmore Wood" and the radio hit "You Weren’t There." History: The Best of New Model Army, containing the group’s early singles, was issued by EMI in 2001.

Selected discography
Vengeance, Abstract, 1984.
No Rest for the Wicked, EMI, 1985.
The Ghost of Cain, EMI, 1986.
Radio Sessions, Abstract, 1988.
Thunder and Consolation, EMI, 1989.
Impurity, EMI, 1990.
Raw Melody Men, EMI, 1991.
History: The Singles 85-91, EMI, 1992.
The Love of Hopeless Causes, Epic, 1993.
BBC Radio One Live in Concert, Windsong, 1993.
B-Sides and Abandoned Tracks, EMI, 1994.
Strange Brotherhood, Eagle, 1998.
All of This: Live Rarities, EMI, 1999.
Eight, Trade, 2000.
History: The Best of New Model Army, EMI, 2001.

Sources
Books
Buckley, John, editor, Rock: The Rough Guide, Rough Guides, 1999.
Robbins, Ira A., editor, The Trouser Press Guide to ‘90s Rock, Fireside/Simon & Schuster, 1997.

Periodicals
Melody Maker, April 28, 1983; July 28, 1984.
New Musical Express, March 23, 1985.
Sounds, June 16, 1984; April 27, 1985.

Online
"New Model Army—Biography," Yahoo! Music, http://musicfinder.yahoo.com/shop?d=hc&id=1800171516&cf=11&intl=us (December 6, 2001).

• Genres: Rock

Biography

To their impassioned cult of fans, New Model Army were one of the best post-punk outfits Great Britain ever produced. Combining the gut-level force of punk with the anthemic political fervor of U2 and the Alarm, as well as the urban protest folk of Billy Bragg, NMA sounded like few other bands mining similar post-punk territory. Their attack was hard, spare, and precise, but as time wore on, they were just as likely to deliver modern-day folk-rock replete with acoustic guitar, violin, and harmonica. Throughout their career, they remained staunch advocates of the British working class, occasionally tempering their leftist, anti-Thatcher political fury with moments of personal introspection. Their shout-along anthems often borrowed the football-chant feel of Oi!, but NMA was far less given to rabble-rousing, instead aiming for intelligent dissidence. True, that could sometimes translate into preachy sloganeering, but NMA's best work earned them tremendous acclaim in the U.K., where their singles regularly placed in the lower reaches of the pop charts. U.K.-specific lyrical references, coupled with visa problems that sometimes made touring difficult, unfortunately ensured that they were all but ignored in the U.S. Still, they maintained a strong following in Europe, and leader Justin Sullivan managed to keep them going for more than two decades.

New Model Army was formed in the Yorkshire town of Bradford in 1980. In keeping with the band's intellectual bent, their name was taken from Oliver Cromwell's anti-royalist military force, whose hierarchy was based on ability rather than social class, and which temporarily succeeded in toppling the monarchy in the mid-1600s. Early on, guitarist/vocalist/bandleader Justin Sullivan adopted the nom de punk "Slade the Leveller," which despite its aggressive ring was an esoteric reference to the Levellers, a radical democratic faction of Cromwell associates. The concept for New Model Army grew out of a meeting between Sullivan and writer Joolz Denby, who went on to become a respected poet, novelist, and spoken word artist in her own right; the two also became lifelong romantic partners. Bassist Stuart Morrow was the first to sign on, and after a rotating succession of drummers, Rob Heaton became a permanent member, as well as Sullivan's frequent songwriting partner. Denby, for her part, served as the band's manager early on, and while the job ultimately proved too time-consuming, she continued to design the band's cover art and occasionally provided backing vocals in the studio; the band also backed her on several albums of her own, credited simply to Joolz.

New Model Army spent a couple of years gigging around Yorkshire and building a substantial buzz in the British music press. In 1983, the group issued its debut single, "Bittersweet," which landed them a deal with the indie label Abstract by the end of the year. Their first release for Abstract was the politically charged "Great Expectations" single, which reached the British indie singles charts and set the stage for their debut album, 1984's Vengeance. Songs like the antiwar "Spirit of the Falklands," the frustrated "Small Town England," and the militant title track further defined NMA's perspective. In its wake, the non-LP single "The Price" was a smash on the indie charts, and major label EMI stepped in to sign the band.

New Model Army's first single for EMI, "No Rest," climbed into the British Top 30 in early 1985, marking the first of the band's 12 pop chart entries. It was followed in short order by the album No Rest for the Wicked; however, bassist Stuart Morrow left the band that May, prior to the LP's release. Sullivan and Heaton cut the mostly acoustic Better Than Them EP before finding a permanent replacement in 17-year-old Jason "Moose" Harris. Following the non-LP single "Brave New World," Harris made his album debut on 1986's Glyn Johns-produced The Ghost of Cain, which expanded the group's acoustic folk influence and featured contributions from harmonica player Mark Feltham. The single "51st State," a critique of Britain's relationship with the United States, was a hit in Europe, and a dance remix of "Poison Street" was successful in the U.K.; additionally, album opener "The Hunt" was later covered by Brazilian metal band Sepultura.

"White Coats," a track from a self-titled 1987 EP, became the band's biggest hit in some time, adding keyboards to their sound. Guitarist Ricky Warwick briefly joined their touring lineup that year before moving on to found the Almighty. Produced in part by Tom Dowd, NMA's next album, 1989's Thunder and Consolation, was widely acclaimed as their best ever, with an even stronger folk influence thanks to the presence of violinist Ed Alleyne-Johnson. The single "Green and Grey" was also tabbed as a highlight of the band's career, and both "Stupid Questions" and "Vagabonds" charted in the U.K. Chris McLaughlin joined as a second guitarist for the supporting tour, but bassist Harris later departed and was replaced by Peter Nelson, formerly of Brotherhood of Lizards. Nelson debuted on 1990's Impurity, which also featured new second guitarist Adrian Portas.

After one more album, the 1991 double-live set Raw Melody Men, NMA left EMI to sign with Epic. They released only one album, 1993's The Love of Hopeless Causes, which spawned the single "Here Comes the War." Several CD compilations of the group's singles, as well as B-sides, radio sessions, and other rarities appeared during the early-'90s reissue boom. The band, though, fell mostly silent during the middle of the decade. In the meantime, Sullivan and Joolz formed a four-person performance collective dubbed Red Sky Coven, which offered an informal mish-mash of music, poetry, comedy, and spoken word. Sullivan reconvened New Model Army in 1998, still with a core of Nelson and Heaton, and with a supporting membership of guitarists/keyboardists Dave Blomberg and Dean White. This lineup, augmented by strings and brass, recorded Strange Brotherhood for the U.K. label Eagle. Its supporting European tour produced another live album, the double-disc ...& Nobody Else, released by Attack Attack. That label also issued the studio follow-up, Eight, in 2000; it marked the group's first album without longtime drummer Heaton, who was replaced by Michael Dean. The odds 'n' ends collection Lost Songs appeared in 2001, and a Sullivan solo album (Navigating by the Stars) in 2003. Sad news came in 2004 with the death of Heaton, but as New Model Army turned 25 it continued to soldier on. The studio album Carnival appeared from Attack Attack in August 2005; it featured Sullivan, Dean, Nelson, Blomberg, and White. EMI also announced plans to reissue expanded, remastered editions of NMA's back catalog. ~ Steve Huey, Rovi

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