Niobrara

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Niobrara National Scenic River
IUCN Category III (Natural Monument)
Location	Cherry, Keya Paha, Brown, and Rock counties, Nebraska, USA
Nearest city	Valentine, NENearest city: Valentine, NE
Coordinates	42°53′0″N 100°19′0″W / 42.883333°N 100.316667°W / 42.883333; -100.316667Coordinates: 42°53′0″N 100°19′0″W / 42.883333°N 100.316667°W / 42.883333; -100.316667
Area	23,074 acres (93 km²)
Established	May 24, 1991 Established: May 24, 1991
Visitors	54,385 (in 2004)
Governing body	National Park Service

The Niobrara National Scenic River is located in north-central Nebraska, United States, approximately 300 miles (480 km) northwest of Omaha. In 1991, Congress set aside 76 miles (120 km) along two stretches of the Niobrara River for preservation under the management of the National Park Service with assistance from the local Niobrara Council. Several "outstandingly remarkable values" have been designated to be protected along the Niobrara National Scenic River, including: Fish and Wildlife, Scenery, Fossil Resources, High Water Quality, and Recreation. The river was designated by Backpacker magazine as one of the 10 best rivers for canoeing in the United States.

Smith Falls is the tallest waterfall in Nebraska.

Along the National Scenic River are numerous waterfalls that empty into the river from the surrounding cliff and springbranchcanyon walls; the highest one is Smith Falls, which drops almost 63 feet (19 m) into the river valley. There are short sections of Class I and II rapids on the river itself, and several locations further downstream require a portage around the rapids. The westernmost 26 miles (40 km) of the Scenic River section, from the Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge (just east of Valentine) to the Rocky Ford portage, offer outstanding canoeing, kayaking, tubing and fishing opportunities. Although the remainder of the river is also able to be paddled, public access is limited by private landholder permission. Around 70,000 people visit the river annually, with the months of June through August being the busiest. Water levels do decline slightly in late summer; however, the river can still be tralled by canoe, kayak, and inner tube. To reach the first public access on the Scenic River section, drive northeast of Valentine on Nebraska Highway 12 until the sign for the Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge put-in.

Considered a superb example of a Great Plains river, the Niobrara is home to over 500 plant species many at or beyond their usual range, including many not otherwise found within several hundred miles, These species include birch, ponderosa pine and aspen (both quaking and bigtooth species). Species from six different biomes can be found in proximity here. Northern boreal forest types occur on north facing slopes where shade and abundant ground water create cooler microclimates. Species growing here include paper birch, basswood, aspen, ferns and club mosses. Rocky Mountain forest plants include ponderosa pine, serviceberry, and horizontal juniper. Eastern deciduous forests grow on the moist bottom lands and islands of the Niobrara. They include American elm, cottonwood, green ash, bur oak, hackberry and box elder. Three types of prairie are found in the river valley, displaying a botanical transition between among the eastern tallgrass prairie, the mixed grass prairie of the Sandhills, and the western shortgrass prairie. Mule deer, beaver, mink, antelope, coyote and even bison can be found in the area as well. Approximately 400 bison and a few dozen elk are protected in the 19,000 acre (77 km²) Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge, which is located along the river.

In the Niobrara river,minnows such as sand shiners, red shiners and flathead chubs search for their food of aquatic insects near streambank margins. Larger fish, such as rainbow and brown trout, prefer cooler, clear water where springbranch canyon tributaries enter the river. Channel catfish, a popular game fish, prefer deeper waters or cover during the day and feed at night in the riffles. Softshell, snapping or painted turtles may be found sunning on logs in summer.

External links

• National Park Service. "Niobrara National Scenic River". U.S. Department of the Interior. http://www.nps.gov/niob/. Retrieved 2006-06-29. 
• National Park Service. "Plan Your Visit". U.S. Department of the Interior. http://www.nps.gov/niob/planyourvisit/index.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-07.