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chhandas.....................jyotisha...na..............kalpa...........nirukta...........shiksha........vyakarana

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chhandas.....................jyotisha...na..............kalpa...........nirukta...........shiksha........vyakarana

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M. A. Mehendale has written:

'Nirukta notes' -- subject(s): Vedic philology

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The traditional Sanskrit explanation of the name Vishu involves the root viś, meaning "to settle, to enter", or also (in the Rigveda) "to pervade", and a suffix nu, translating to approximately "the All-Pervading One". An early commentator on the Vedas, Yaska, in his Nirukta, defines Vishnu as 'vishnu vishateh; one who enters everywhere', and 'yad vishito bhavati tad vishnurbhavati; that which is free from fetters and bondages is Vishnu.'

However, as the name is of one of the male trinity of Hindu gods, it is a male name.

Vaishnavi (sanskrit, feminine form of Vaishnava) is a legendary figure in the Hindu tradition and the consort of Lord Vishnu.

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The Vedic curriculum was planned to meet the individual requirements of every student and consisted of:

Vedic literature, centered on religion aimed at establishing harmony between total personality and the universe as a whole.

Vedangas the study of isiksha, Kalpa, Nirukta, Chandas, Jyotisha, and Vyaleama.

Logic, the development of the responsory faculties.

Arts & Crafts, to develop and artistic sense and practical skills in construction regarding symmetry, proposition and beauty.

Physical Education, which was intense, because they believed only a strong boy could house a strong mind. Students had to learn riding, wrestling, hunting, swimming, running, and jumping to develop physical and mental strength.

Meditation and singing of hymns, for expression of inner light for the betterment of mankind.

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In India, students went and lived with main teacher. These institutions were known as 'Gurukula' (the house of the teacher). Famous teachers had large number of students, and the institutions were maintained by state or community donations. There were no universities as such.

Study of scriptures (including the Vedas) was the main subject. The following six auxiliary disciplines traditionally associated with the study and understanding of the Vedas were taught.

  1. Shiksha (śikṣā): phonetics and phonology (sandhi)
  2. Kalpa (kalpa): ritual
  3. Vyakarana (vyākaraṇa): grammar
  4. Nirukta (nirukta): etymology
  5. Chandas (chandas): meter
  6. Jyotisha (jyotiṣa): astronomy

Gurukula education also included many other subjects including sculpture, painting, poetry, dance, music, archery, navigation, wrestling, fighting with armaments, medicine, etc. directed at an all-round development of the students personality.

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