Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride

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Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride

Identifiers
CAS number	298-83-9^Y
PubChem	9281
ChemSpider	8924^Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:9505^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL403063^Y
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILES [Cl-].[Cl-].[O-][N+](=O)c1ccc(cc1)n2nc(n[n+]2c3ccc(cc3OC)c7ccc([n+]5nc(nn5c4ccc([N+]([O-])=O)cc4)c6ccccc6)c(OC)c7)c8ccccc8
InChI InChI=1S/C40H30N10O6.2ClH/c1-55-37-25-29(13-23-35(37)47-43-39(27-9-5-3-6-10-27)41-45(47)31-15-19-33(20-16-31)49(51)52)30-14-24-36(38(26-30)56-2)48-44-40(28-11-7-4-8-12-28)42-46(48)32-17-21-34(22-18-32)50(53)54;;/h3-26H,1-2H3;21H/q+2;;/p-2^Y Key: FSVCQIDHPKZJSO-UHFFFAOYSA-L^Y InChI=1/C40H30N10O6.2ClH/c1-55-37-25-29(13-23-35(37)47-43-39(27-9-5-3-6-10-27)41-45(47)31-15-19-33(20-16-31)49(51)52)30-14-24-36(38(26-30)56-2)48-44-40(28-11-7-4-8-12-28)42-46(48)32-17-21-34(22-18-32)50(53)54;;/h3-26H,1-2H3;21H/q+2;;/p-2 Key: FSVCQIDHPKZJSO-NUQVWONBAE
Properties
Molecular formula	C₄₀H₃₀Cl₂N₁₀O₆
Molar mass	817.64 g/mol
Appearance	yellow crystalline powder
Melting point	200 °C
Hazards
Main hazards	may be reactive based on presence of tetrazole group, nitro group and contiguous nitrogen atoms
Flash point	not available
LD₅₀	2gm/kg
Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Nitro blue tetrazolium is a chemical compound composed of two tetrazole moieties. It is used in immunology for sensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase (with BCIP). NBT serves as the oxidant and BCIP is the AP-substrate (and gives also dark blue dye).

Clinical significance

In immunohistochemistry the alkaline phosphatase is often used as a marker, conjugated to an antibody. The colored product can either be of the NBT/BCIP reaction reveals where the antibody is bound, or can be used in immunofluorescence.^[1]

The NBT/BCIP reaction is also used for colorimetric/spectrophotometric activity assays of oxidoreductases. One application is in activity stains in gel electrophoresis, such as with the mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes.^[2]

Nitro blue tetrazolium is used in a diagnostic test,^[3] particularly for chronic granulomatous disease and other diseases of phagocyte function. A disease where there is a defect in NADPH oxidase, therefore the phagocyte is unable to make the reactive oxygen species or radicals required for bacterial killing and results in bacteria thriving within the phagocyte. The higher the blue score, the better the cell is at producing reactive oxygen species.^[4]

References

^ Trinh le A, McCutchen MD, Bonner-Fraser M, Fraser SE, Bumm LA, McCauley DW (June 2007). "Fluorescent in situ hybridization employing the conventional NBT/BCIP chromogenic stain". BioTechniques 42 (6): 756–9. doi:10.2144/000112476. PMID 17612300.
^ Nisimoto Y, Wilson E, Heyl BL, Lambeth JD (5 January 1986). "NADH dehydrogenase from bovine neutrophil membranes. Purification and properties". J. Biol. Chem. 261 (1): 285–90. PMID 3941077. http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=3941077.
^ Freeman, R; King B (October 1972). "Technique for the performance of the nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) test". Journal of Clinical Pathology 25 (10): 912–914. doi:10.1136/jcp.25.10.912. PMC 477548. PMID 4119008. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=477548.
^ Nathan DG, Baehner RL, Weaver DK (October 1969). "Failure of nitro blue tetrazolium reduction in the phagocytic vacuoles of leukocytes in chronic granulomatous disease". J. Clin. Invest. 48 (10): 1895–904. doi:10.1172/JCI106156. PMC 322426. PMID 5387730. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=322426.

Medical test: Myeloid blood tests (CPT 85002-85999)

MEP

Clotting (megakaryocytes)	CBC (Platelet count) · Mean platelet volume · vWF: Ristocetin induced platelet agglutination clotting factors: Prothrombin time · Partial thromboplastin time · Thrombin time other/general coagulation: Bleeding time · animal enzyme (Reptilase time, Ecarin clotting time, Dilute Russell's viper venom time) · Thromboelastography fibrinolysis: Euglobulin lysis time · D-dimer

Red blood cell indices (erythrocytes)	CBC (RBC count, Hematocrit, Hemoglobin) ratios: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin · Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration · Mean corpuscular volume Fetal hemoglobin: Apt-Downey test · Kleihauer-Betke test · Red blood cell distribution width Reticulocyte index · Haptoglobin Mentzer index

CFU-GM

Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride test · CBC (Absolute neutrophil count)

Other

Blood film · Blood viscosity · Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

M: MYL

cell/phys (coag, heme, immu, gran), csfs

rbmg/mogr/tumr/hist, sysi/epon, btst

drug (B1/2/3+5+6), btst, trns

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