Nitrovasodilator

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Nitrovasodilator

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nitric oxide

nitroglycerine

nitroprusside

A nitrovasodilator is an agent that causes vasodilation by donation of nitric oxide.^[1]

Examples include nitroprusside and nitroglycerine.

References

^ Brandes RP, Kim D, Schmitz-Winnenthal FH, et al. (January 2000). "Increased nitrovasodilator sensitivity in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice: role of soluble guanylyl cyclase". Hypertension 35 (1 Pt 2): 231–6. PMID 10642303. http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10642303.

Vasodilators used in cardiac diseases (C01D)

Nitrates/nitrovasodilators

Glyceryl trinitrate # • Isosorbide dinitrate # • Isosorbide mononitrate • Linsidomine • Molsidomine • Pentaerythritol tetranitrate • Propatylnitrate • Tenitramine • Trolnitrate

Quinolone vasodilators

Flosequinan^‡

Others

Itramin tosilate • Prenylamine • Oxyfedrine • Benziodarone • Carbocromen • Hexobendine • Etafenone • Heptaminol • Imolamine • Dilazep • Trapidil • Molsidomine • Efloxate • Cinepazet • Cloridarol • Nicorandil • Nesiritide • Gapicomine • Pimobendan

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

M: HRT

anat/phys/devp

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (C1A/1B/1C/1D), blte

Nonsympatholytic vasodilatory antihypertensives (C02)

Nitrovasodilator

NO (arterioles and venules)	Nitroprusside #

N (arteriolar)	Hydrazines (Hydralazine #, Dihydralazine, Endralazine, Cadralazine, Pildralazine)

(arteriolar) Potassium channel opener

Minoxidil • Diazoxide

(arteriolar) Calcium channel blocker

see list

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

M: VAS

anat(a:h/u/t/a/l,v:h/u/t/a/l)/phys/devp/cell/prot

noco/syva/cong/lyvd/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(C2s+n/3/4/5/7/8/9)

v t e Pharmacology: major drug groups

Gastrointestinal tract/metabolism (A)	stomach acid (Antacids, H₂ antagonists, Proton pump inhibitors) Antiemetics Laxatives Antidiarrhoeals/Antipropulsives Anti-obesity drugs Anti-diabetics Vitamins Dietary minerals

Blood and blood forming organs (B)	Antithrombotics (Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants, Thrombolytics/fibrinolytics) Antihemorrhagics (Platelets, Coagulants, Antifibrinolytics)

Cardiovascular system (C)	cardiac therapy/antianginals (Cardiac glycosides, Antiarrhythmics, Cardiac stimulants) Antihypertensives Diuretics Vasodilators Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers renin-angiotensin system (ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, Renin inhibitors) Antihyperlipidemics (Statins, Fibrates, Bile acid sequestrants)

Skin (D)	Emollients Cicatrizants Antipruritics Antipsoriatics Medicated dressings

Genitourinary system (G)	Hormonal contraception Fertility agents SERMs Sex hormones

Endocrine system (H)	Hypothalamic-pituitary hormones Corticosteroids (Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids) Sex hormones Thyroid hormones/Antithyroid agents

Infections and infestations (J, P, QI)	Antimicrobials: Antibacterials (Antimycobacterials) Antifungals Antivirals Antiparasitics (Antiprotozoals, Anthelmintics, Ectoparasiticides) IVIG Vaccines

Malignant disease (L01-L02)	Anticancer agents (Antimetabolites, Alkylating, Spindle poisons, Antineoplastic, Topoisomerase inhibitors)

Immune disease (L03-L04)	Immunomodulators (Immunostimulants, Immunosuppressants)

Muscles, bones, and joints (M)	Anabolic steroids Anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) Antirheumatics Corticosteroids Muscle relaxants Bisphosphonates

Brain and nervous system (N)	Analgesics Anesthetics (General, Local) Anorectics Anti-ADHD Agents Antiaddictives Anticonvulsants Antidementia Agents Antidepressants Antimigraine Agents Antiparkinson's Agents Antipsychotics Anxiolytics Depressants Entactogens Entheogens Euphoriants Hallucinogens (Psychedelics, Dissociatives, Deliriants) Hypnotics/Sedatives Mood Stabilizers Neuroprotectives Nootropics Neurotoxins Orexigenics Serenics Stimulants Wakefulness-Promoting Agents

Respiratory system (R)	Decongestants Bronchodilators Cough medicines H₁ antagonists

Sensory organs (S)	Ophthalmologicals Otologicals

Other ATC (V)	Antidotes Contrast media Radiopharmaceuticals Dressings

Peripheral vasodilators (C04)

2-amino-1-phenylethanol derivatives

Imidazoline derivatives/
Alpha blockers

Niacin and derivatives

Purine derivatives

Ergot alkaloids

Other peripheral vasodilators

M: VAS

anat(a:h/u/t/a/l,v:h/u/t/a/l)/phys/devp/cell/prot

noco/syva/cong/lyvd/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(C2s+n/3/4/5/7/8/9)

Cardiovascular system, physiology: cardiovascular physiology

Heart

Volumes	Stroke volume = End-diastolic volume – End-systolic volume Cardiac output = Heart rate × Stroke volume Afterload · Preload Frank–Starling law of the heart · Cardiac function curve · Venous return curve Aortic valve area calculation · Ejection fraction · Cardiac index

Dimensions	Fractional shortening = (End-diastolic dimension – End-systolic dimension) / End-diastolic dimension

Interaction diagrams	Cardiac cycle · Wiggers diagram · Pressure volume diagram

Tropism	Chronotropic (Heart rate) · Dromotropic (Conduction velocity) · Inotropic (Contractility) · Bathmotropic (Excitability) · Lusitropic (Relaxation)

Conduction system / Cardiac electrophysiology	Cardiac action potential (Atrial action potential, Ventricular action potential) · Effective refractory period · Pacemaker potential · EKG (P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, QT interval, ST segment, T wave, U wave) · Hexaxial reference system

Chamber pressure	Central venous pressure/right atrial pressure → Right ventricular pressure → Pulmonary artery pressure → Pulmonary wedge pressure/left atrial pressure → Left ventricular pressure → Aortic pressure

Other	Ventricular remodeling

Vascular system/
Hemodynamics

Blood flow	Compliance · Vascular resistance (Total peripheral resistance) · Pulse · Perfusion

Blood pressure	Pulse pressure (Systolic - Diastolic) · Mean arterial pressure Jugular venous pressure Portal venous pressure

Regulation of BP	Baroreflex · Kinin-kallikrein system · Renin-angiotensin system · Vasoconstrictors/Vasodilators · Autoregulation (Myogenic mechanism, Tubuloglomerular feedback, Cerebral Autoregulation) · Paraganglia (Aortic body, Carotid body, Glomus cell)

M: HRT

anat/phys/devp

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (C1A/1B/1C/1D), blte

M: VAS

anat(a:h/u/t/a/l,v:h/u/t/a/l)/phys/devp/cell/prot

noco/syva/cong/lyvd/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(C2s+n/3/4/5/7/8/9)

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Nitrovasodilator

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