nocturnal emission

"Wet dream" redirects here. For the sound art group, see Nocturnal Emissions. For fictional works, see Wet Dream (disambiguation).

This article is about the biological function.

A nocturnal emission is an ejaculation of semen experienced by a male during sleep. It is also called a "wet dream", an involuntary orgasm, or simply an orgasm during sleep.

Nocturnal emissions are most common during teenage and early adult years. However, nocturnal emissions may happen any time after puberty. They may or may not be accompanied by erotic dreams, and the emission may happen without erection. It is possible to wake up during, or to simply sleep through, the ejaculation in what is sometimes called a "sex dream". Women can also experience orgasms in their sleep.

Frequency

The frequency of nocturnal emissions is highly variable. Some men have experienced large numbers of nocturnal emissions as teenagers, while others have never experienced one. 83 percent of men in the United States will eventually experience nocturnal emissions at some time in their lives.^[1] Surveys in non-western countries where masturbation is culturally suppressed show 98 percent or more of the men eventually experience nocturnal emissions. ^[2] For males who have experienced nocturnal emissions the mean frequency ranges from 0.36 times per week for single 15 year old males to 0.18 times per week for 40 year old single males. For married males the mean ranges from 0.23 times per week for 19 year old married males to 0.15 times per week for 50 year old married males.^[3]

Some have the dreams only at a certain age, while others have them throughout their lives following puberty. The frequency that one has nocturnal emissions has not been conclusively linked to one's frequency of masturbation. Widely-known sex researcher Alfred Kinsey found "There may be some correlation between the frequencies of masturbation and the frequencies of nocturnal dreams. In general the males who have the highest frequencies of nocturnal emissions may have somewhat lower rates of masturbation. Some of these males credit the frequent emissions to the fact that they do not masturbate; but it is just as likely that the reverse relationship is true, namely, that they do not masturbate because they have frequent emissions."^[4] For women the correlation is also short of conclusive; "According to Kinsey's findings, women who suddenly lost the opportunity for several coital orgasms per week had only a few more orgasms in their sleep per year."^[5]

One factor that can affect the number of nocturnal emissions a person has is whether they take testosterone-based drugs. In a 1998 study, the number of boys reporting nocturnal emissions drastically increased as their testosterone doses were increased, from 17% of subjects with no treatment to 90% of subjects at a high dose.^[6]

During puberty, 13 percent of males experience their first ejaculation as a result of a nocturnal emission.^[7] Kinsey found that males experiencing their first ejaculation through a nocturnal emission were older than those experiencing their first ejaculation by means of masturbation. The study indicates that such a first ejaculation resulting from a nocturnal emission was delayed a year or more from what would have been developmentally possible for such males through physical stimulation.^[8]

Whereas an ejaculation normally terminates an erection, in the case of nocturnal emission, the subject often still has a functional erection afterward.^{[citation needed]}

Although purported treatments to help prevent or diminish nocturnal emissions are available in abundance, none are known to have undergone any kind of rigorous experimentation or approval process such as that required by the Food and Drug Administration. Like the hiccups, there are a huge variety of "home remedies" with no scientific basis. Moreover, because no proven physical harm (beyond the inconvenience of cleaning the semen ejaculate) is caused by the event and it is not symptomatic of any underlying problem, it is generally considered inadvisable to undergo any sort of treatment.

Involuntary orgasms can occur during waking hours in both sexes, but these are rare. The German word Pollution (= Samenerguß), which does not have the same meaning as the English word "pollution", describes all these involuntary orgasms collectively.^[9]

Regarding women, Kinsey found in 1953 that nearly 40 percent of the 5,628 women he interviewed experienced at least one nocturnal orgasm (orgasm during sleep), or "wet dream," by the time they were forty-five years old. A smaller study published in the Journal of Sex Research in 1986 found that 85 percent of the women who had experienced nocturnal orgasms had done so by the age of twenty-one, some even before they turned thirteen. In addition, women who have orgasms during sleep usually have them several times a year. Dr. Kinsey and his colleagues defined female nocturnal orgasm as sexual arousal during sleep that awakens one to perceive the experience of orgasm. It may be easier for men to identify their wet dreams because of the semen. Vaginal secretions could be a sign of sexual arousal without orgasm.

Spermatorrhoea

In the 18th and 19th century, if a patient had involuntary orgasms frequently or released more semen than is typical, then he was diagnosed with a disease called spermatorrhoea or seminal weakness. A variety of drugs and other treatments, including circumcision and castration, were advised to treat this "disease".^[10][11] Some modern doctors, especially herb healers, continue to diagnose and advise treatments for cases of spermatorrhoea, but these treatments have not been validated by thorough experimentation.

In other cultures

A recent study by Moazzam Ali et al. showed that many adolescents living in relatively isolated communities in Pakistan had developed strong convictions that nocturnal emission is a dangerous disease:

"[They] considered night emissions a major sex related disease in the adolescent years. A few shared experiences where they had borrowed or even stolen money from home to get prolonged and expensive treatment from traditional healers for night emissions and masturbation."^[12]

Religious views

Unlike masturbation, which many Catholics believe to be sinful^[13], Saint Augustine held that nocturnal emissions did not pollute the conscience of an individual and were not voluntary carnal acts and were therefore not to be considered a sin.^[14] Augustine did, however, pray that he may be released from the "glue of lust" and thus recommended the beseechment of God's assistance in clearing one's soul of all such carnal affections.^[15]

Some parts of the Bible refer directly to nocturnal emission, using the biblical Hebrew term tameh, often translated as impure, which has no negative connotation in Hebrew. The word is used to describe many things which occur on a natural cycle, but are considered non-holy. It may also refer to the fact that semen let on an object is not "clean" in the conventional sense. For example:

"When you are encamped against your enemies, then you shall keep yourself from every evil thing. If any man among you who is not clean by reason of what chances to him by night, then he shall go outside the camp. He shall not come inside the camp, but when evening comes, he shall bathe himself in water, and as the sun sets, he may come inside the camp."

— Deuteronomy 23:9-11 English Standard Version

Some Christians have taken this as sufficient evidence to call nocturnal emission a sin^{[citation needed]}. However Judaism has never believed so, since it is an involuntary act, also in the same chapter of Deuteronomy it mentions the same treatment to women who are bleeding therefore it cannot be seen as a sin. The resulting 'tumah' is undesired, requiring the person to bathe in a mikveh, but it was never considered a sin. Psalms are said on Yom Kippur at night as an aid against nocturnal emission (presumably by keeping a persons mind on holy matters), this is particularly an issue on Yom Kippur since bathing is forbidden that day.

The Deuteronomy quote is somewhat out of context, and Leviticus goes on to make similar statements about menstruation and childbirth. It is believed that these clauses were intended to encourage good hygiene and help prevent real disease; indeed, if the person having the discharge were carrying a contagious disease, much of the above is good advice for effective quarantining.

In fact, the Bible never refers specifically to a nocturnal emission as being unclean, but rather any seminal emission. Even a man who has normal intercourse with his wife is considered ceremonially unclean, and he too is required to bathe in a mikveh and he becomes pure after the sun has set.

It is also possible that some of the above is referring to not a discharge of semen but of blood or other substance indicating disease. In fact the bible lists two different types of emission, one requiring a wait only until the nightfall (nocturnal emission, or intercourse), but the other lasting a week (both requiring bathing in a mikveh). The second type of discharge is a non-normal one (for example pus), indicative of disease. Even the phrase "nocturnal emission" may be a mistranslation of a more dangerous type of emission.

Saint Augustine interprets the references to the uncleanliness of discharge of seed (and menstruation) in Leviticus as symbolising disorder and unruliness as opposed to the seed forming a human being through conception which symbolises the form and structure of a just life.

In medieval western occultism, nocturnal emissions were believed to be caused by succubus' coupling with the individual at night, which was associated too with night terrors.

References

1. ^ Kinsey, Alfred C. "Sexual Behavior in the Human Male" p. 519
2. ^ http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR157/04Chapter04.pdf Badan Pusat Statistik "Indonesia Young Adult Reproductive Health Survey 2002-2004" p. 27
3. ^ Kinsey, Alfred; p. 275.
4. ^ Kinsey, Alfred; p. 511.
5. ^ http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/ATLAS_EN/html/orgasm_during_sleep.html
6. ^ http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/83/7/2281
7. ^ Kinsey, Alfred; p. 190
8. ^ Kinsey; Alfred, p. 299
9. ^ http://www.ipce.info/booksreborn/moll/ The Sexual Life of the Child Albert Moll. 1909. Translated from German by Eden Paul in 1912.
10. ^ Ornella Moscuci. Male masturbation and the offending prepuce. Excerpt from "Sexualities in Victorian Britain." Mirror 1.
11. ^ William Acton. "Victorian London - Disease - Spermatorrhoea". From Prostitution, considered in its Moral, Social, and Sanitary Aspects. 2nd edition, 1870. Compiled in Lee Jackson's The Victorian Dictionary.
12. ^ Moazzam Ali, Mohammad Ayaz Bhatti1, and Hiroshi Ushijima. Reproductive Health Needs of Adolescent Males in Rural Pakistan: An Exploratory Study. Tohoku J Exp Med 204:17-35. 2004. [1]
13. ^ Persona Humana, no. 9
14. ^ The Good of Marriage, S.23
15. ^ Confessions, Book X, Chapter XXX

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