Northern Liang

建康 (397-399), 涼 (399-401, 431-433), 張掖 (401-412), 河西 (412-431, 433-441, 442-460), 酒泉 (441-442) Northern Liang (北涼) Vassal of Later Qin, Jin Dynasty (265-420), Northern Wei, Liu Song ←   ←   ← 397–460 →   → Northern Liang and other Asian nations in 400 AD Capital Jiankang (397-398) Zhangye (398-412) Guzang (412-439) Jiuquan (440-441) Dunhuang (441-442) Capital-in-exile Shanshan (442) Gaochang (442-460) Government Monarchy Prince  - 397-401 Duan Ye  - 401-433 Juqu Mengxun  - 433-439 Juqu Mujian  - 442-444 Juqu Wuhui  - 444-460 Juqu Anzhou History  - Established 397  - Li Gao's declaring independence as Western Liang 400  - Juqu Mengxun's killing of Duan Ye 401  - Juqu Mengxun's destruction of Western Liang 421  - Fall of Guzang to Northern Wei (often viewed as date of Northern Liang's fall) 18 October 439[1][2]  - Disestablished 460

The Northern Liang (Chinese: 北凉; pinyin: Bĕi Liáng; 397-439) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms in China. It was founded by the Xiongnu Juqu family, although they initially supported the Han official Duan Ye as prince, but overthrew Duan in 401 and directly took over.

All rulers of the Northern Liang proclaimed themselves "wang" (translatable as "prince" or "king").

Most Chinese historians view Northern Liang as ended in 439, when its capital Guzang (姑臧, in modern Wuwei, Gansu) fell to Northern Wei forces and its prince Juqu Mujian was captured. However, some view his cousins Juqu Wuhui and Juqu Anzhou, who subsequently settled with Northern Liang remnants in Gaochang (高昌, in modern Turpan Prefecture, Xinjiang), as a continuation of Northern Liang, and thus view Northern Liang as having ended in 460, when Gaochang fell to Rouran and was made a vassal, and the remnants of the Juqu family were slaughtered.

Rulers of the Northern Liang

   Tianxi (天璽 Tiānxǐ) 399-401

   Xuanshi (玄始 Xuánshǐ) 412-428
   Chengxuan (承玄 Chéngxuán) 428-430
   Yihe (義和 Yìhé) 430-433

See also

• Xiongnu
• List of past Chinese ethnic groups
• Wu Hu
• Sixteen Kingdoms
• Gansu
• Gaochang
• Avars

Notes and references

1. ^ http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%ABe%A7%BA&king=%A4%E5%AB%D2&reign=%A4%B8%B9%C5&yy=16&ycanzi=&mm=9&dd=&dcanzi=%A4%FE%A6%A6
2. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 123.