epistaxis
Loss of blood through the nose due to changes in the continuity of the blood vessels of the nasal septum and surrounding mucosa. A nose bleed may be caused by a blow to the head, fever, high blood pressure, barotrauma. or blood disorders. Most nose bleeds in sport are caused by physical trauma. Typically, to stem the flow of blood, an athlete tilts the head forwards, pinches the nostrils with the thumb and forefinger, and applies ice to the bridge of the nose (see ice treatment). If bleeding does not stop or if the nose is put out of shape by the injury, medical advice should be sought.
