Nova Iguaçu

Nova Iguaçu
—  Municipality  —
The Municipality of Nova Iguaçu
Flag Seal
Location of Nova Iguaçu
Nova Iguaçu Location of Nova Iguaçu
Coordinates: 22°45′32″S 43°27′03″W / 22.75889°S 43.45083°W / -22.75889; -43.45083
Country	Brazil
Region	Southeast
State	Rio de Janeiro
Founded	15 January 1833
Government
• Mayor	Sheila Gama (PDT)
Elevation	25 m (82 ft)
Population (2006)[1][2]
• Total	844,583
• Density	1,612.1/km2 (4,175/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC-3 (UTC-3)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-2 (UTC-2)
Postal Code	26000-000
Area code(s)	+55 21
Website	www.novaiguacu.rj.gov.br

Coordinates: 22°45′32″S 43°27′03″W / 22.75889°S 43.45083°W / -22.75889; -43.45083 Nova Iguaçu (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈnɔvɐ iɡwaˈsu], New Iguaçu) is a city in Rio de Janeiro state in Brazil. It is part of the Greater Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area. It was the state's second largest city in population until Mesquita was split off, and now it is the fourth largest behind São Gonçalo, Duque de Caxias and the state capital, Rio de Janeiro. It lies northwest of Rio de Janeiro, in the centre of the northern part of its metropolitan area, Baixada Fluminense. The current mayor is Sheila Gama (PDT). The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nova Iguaçu.

Its estimated population is around 800,000 people. Nova Iguaçu, as a suburb of Rio de Janeiro, is under the influence of the capital; many workers and students commute daily to Rio, or weekly or monthly so as to find more options in culture, entertainment, goods, health care, etc. In Brazil, it is a city of averagely lower middle income. There are a few tourist attractions in the municipality.

Rail accidents

• On June 7, 1951, the city was the site of a level crossing disaster in which 54 people were killed when a train struck a gasoline truck.
  Main article: Nova Iguaçu level crossing disaster
• On 30 August 2007, two trains collided in the city, killing at least eight people.^[3]

Sports

Nova Iguaçu Futebol Clube is an important football club from the city.

History

Before the Portuguese arrived in Rio de Janeiro (in 1503), the Jacutingas Indians already inhabited the western bank of the Iguaçu River. These Indians helped the French when they arrived in the region.

Around 1565, after the expulsion of French from Guanabara Bay, the city of Sao Sebastiao do Rio de Janeiro was founded. There was at that time, intense piracy promoted by French privateers, British and Dutch colony on the coast.

In 1575, the then governor of the captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, Antonio Salema, joined a Portuguese army supported by a troop of Indians indoctrinated with the purpose of exterminating the Franco-Tamoio area that had lasted for twenty years on the northern coast of the captaincy. Fearful of losing their lands, the Indians tamoios still allied with the French, were virtually wiped out because of the uprising, called the War of Cabo Frio. The victorious troops wiped out about 500 Indians, enslaving others in 1500. They were sentenced to be hanged two French, one English and tupinambá shaman. Nevertheless, the troops entered the interior burning villages and killing thousands of tamoios. Cabo Frio's War resulted in the complete expulsion of the French in the region.

However, other European pirates, mainly British and Dutch continued to hack Brazil wood, causing the deaths that have proved useless, since the absence of colonization on the coast of Rio de Janeiro continued to provide profit to the European privateers. There was no interest in colonizing the metropolitan region of Cabo Frio after this massacre, but the settlers decided to populate the Recôncavo Fluminense (area around Guanabara Bay). They began to settle on the banks of major rivers in the region, especially the rivers Iguaçu, Meriti, Saratoga, Saracuruna, Jaguaré, Pilar, Marapicu, Jacutinga Mantiqueira and Inhomirim.

Also in 1575, the Captain General Belchior Azeredo built a chapel in honor of St. Anthony, at the foot of a hill 750 meters from the greater curve of the San Antonio River, Current River Saratoga, on land guans. The building, erected in mud, was crucial for Belchior Azeredo conquer the lands of the Indians guans in the form of land grants by Governor Christopher de Barros, baptizing them as Ingenio San Antonio Village of Jacutingas. The Captain General has granted himself an allotment near the Rio Maje, where he built a mill (coordinates: 22 º 45'38 "S, 43 º 23'23" W). In subsequent decades, the small chapel was raised to the category of glued-chapel, chapel-cured, and finally the mother-church (parish), standing in this place for over 130 years until the 1700s.

Since the occupation of the Iguaçu river basin, Saratoga and Meriti effect, which occurred from the late sixteenth century, the traditional Indian trails became roads. One, the long trail of indigenous guans, was transformed into the General Road, which connected the Parish of Our Lady of the Conception of Marapicu (current Marapicu) to the Parish of St. Anthony Village of Jacutingas (now Belford Roxo, near the Bayer plant .) The roadbed is currently occupied by the RJ-105 highway. The old bridge over the Saratoga was the point of junction of Main Road and Royal Road (now Avenue Pastor Martin Luther King Jr.). The Royal Road went toward the Church of Our Lady of Candelaria, in downtown Rio de Janeiro, before passing the Parish of St. John's River Merity Orago, the port of Pavuna by Inhaúma and the Parish of Our Lady of the Presentation of Irajá.

These paths formed for a long time, the best option to enter the land Recôncavo Fluminense, as access was difficult due to the large amount of wetlands and rivers and of considerable width. To establish the route of the Royal Road, were considered the best spots for transposition of the rivers and Saratoga Meriti, noting where these rivers formed beams.

The colonization of the area required to route the flow of production of the mills. Initially, this was possible thanks to the waterways, when the rivers served as highways, once the Indian trails (and roads derived from them) were rough and the rivers were the easiest way to enter the Recôncavo region for its colonization.

References

External links

• Via Iguassu - Culture, leisure, entertainment, information, the guide for the city of Nova Iguaçu.

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