Nurse Mildred Ratched is the main antagonist from Ken Kesey's 1962 novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, as well as the 1975 film.
A cold, sadistic and passive-aggressive tyrant, Nurse Ratched has become the stereotype of the nurse as battle axe. She has also become a popular metaphor for the corrupting influence of power and authority in bureaucracies such as the mental institution in which the novel is set.
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In the novel
Nurse Mildred Ratched is the head administrative nurse at the Salem, Oregon State (Mental) Hospital, where she exercises near-absolute power over the patients' access to medications, privileges, and basic necessities such as food and toiletries. She capriciously revokes these privileges whenever a patient displeases her. Her superiors turn blind eyes because she maintains order, keeping the patients from acting out, either through antipsychotic and anticonvulsant drugs or her own brand of "therapy", which consists mostly of humiliating patients into doing her bidding. Her greatest success is the stuttering, suicidal Billy Bibbit, who is so terrified of her that he does whatever she says.
When Randle McMurphy arrives at the hospital, however, her dictatorial rule is nearly toppled: he flouts her precious rules with impunity, and inspires other patients to follow. Her attempts to cow him into submission — at first with threats and mild punishments, then with shock therapy — are unsuccessful, serving only to fuel his defiance.
Eventually McMurphy sneaks his prostitute girlfriend into the asylum, and encourages her to relieve Billy of his virginity. Ratched threatens to tell Billy's mother about the transgression. Since Billy fears his mother as much as or more than he fears Ratched, the threat frightens him into committing suicide. Enraged, McMurphy attacks Ratched, and nearly chokes her to death.
In retribution, Ratched has McMurphy lobotomized. Another patient, Chief Bromden, the narrator of the book, later smothers McMurphy as a mercy killing. However, while Ratched's main antagonist has been removed, her control over the other patients is gone, because McMurphy permanently damaged her vocal cords when he choked her, in effect destroying the primary tool she used to enforce her will. She can no longer speak, at least not very well, and often must write notes to communicate. With Ratched crippled, she can no longer intimidate the other patients, and the institution is saved.
In other media
Nurse Ratched was portrayed by Louise Fletcher in the 1975 film version of the novel in an Academy Award-winning role.
The role has been repeated on the stage by actresses including Janet Ward and Amy Morton.
According to the original creator of the Transformers names, Bob Budiansky, the Autobot medic Ratchet was named after the character of Nurse Ratched. [1]
The character has been spoofed in the Futurama episode "Insane in the Mainframe", in which Fry and Bender are sent to a robot asylum. In this incarnation, she is named 'Nurse Ratchet'. She reappears in Bender's Game.
An episode of the television series Spaced parodied One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, where the character of Daisy got a job in a restaurant kitchen, ruled over by a character similar to Ratched.
The Mel Brooks comedy High Anxiety has the character Nurse Diesel, which lifted the domineering character traits and satired the bosom of Nurse Ratched.
An episode of the television series "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia" has a portion where Danny DeVito is in an institution and Louise Fletcher plays the nurse. She resembles Nurse Ratched in her dress and hairstyle.
Awards
- Louise Fletcher won an Oscar at the Academy Awards for Best Actress for her portrayal of Nurse Ratched in the film.
- Nurse Ratched was named the fifth greatest villain in film history by the American Film Institute in their series 100 Years... 100 Heroes & Villains.
References
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