Operation Magic Carpet

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2009)

Yemenite Jews en route to Israel from Aden

Operation Magic Carpet is a widely-known nickname for Operation On Wings of Eagles (Hebrew: כנפי נשרים‎, Kanfei Nesharim), an operation between June 1949 and September 1950 that brought 49,000 Yemenite Jews to the new state of Israel.^[1] British and American transport planes made some 380 flights from Aden, in a secret operation that was not made public until several months after it was over. At some point, the operation was also called Operation Messiah's Coming.

Background

Jewish exodus from Arab countries 1947–1972
Main articles
Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries 1948 Arab–Israeli War Operation Magic Carpet (Yemen) Operation Ezra and Nehemiah Operation Yakhin 1956 Expulsion of Egyptian Jews Immigrant camps  · Maabarot
Background
Nazi relations with the Arab world  · Farhud  · Tripoli (1945)  · Cairo (1945)  · Immigration during and after World War II Israeli Declaration of Independence  · Suez Crisis · Algerian War  · Six Day War
Key incidents
Aleppo (Syria) · Aden (Yemen) · Oujda and Jerada (Morocco) · Tripoli (Libya) · Cairo (Egypt)  · Baghdad (Iraq)
Arbitration
WOJAC · JIMENA · The David Project
Resettlement
Aliyah  · Law of Return  · Development towns  · North African Jewry in France
Related topics
Jewish history · Jewish diaspora · History under Muslim rule Mizrahi Jews · Sephardi Jews · Arab Jews
v t e

Following the 1947 UN Partition Plan, Muslim rioters engaged in clashes in Aden that killed 82 people and destroyed a number of Jewish homes. Early in 1948, accusations of the murder of two Muslim Yemeni girls led to looting of Jewish property. Aden's Jewish community was economically paralyzed, as most of the Jewish stores and businesses were destroyed.

The Operation

Aliyah to Israel
Pre-Zionist Aliyah
The Return to Zion Old Yishuv
Before 14 May 1948
First Aliyah · Second Aliyah During World War I Third Aliyah · Fourth Aliyah Fifth Aliyah During and after World War II Bricha
After 14 May 1948
Operation Magic Carpet Operation Ezra and Nehemiah 1968 Polish aliyah 1970s Soviet Union aliyah Aliyah from Ethiopia 1990s CIS aliyah 2000s Latin America aliyah
Concepts
Judaism · Zionism Jewish homeland Jewish messianism Law of Return Galut · Yerida
Persons and organizations
Theodor Herzl · Knesset El Al · Nefesh B'Nefesh World Zionist Organization
Related topics
History of Israel History of Zionism Israeli Jews Jewish diaspora Jewish history Jews in the Land of Israel Religious Zionism Revival of the Hebrew language · Yishuv
v t e

In response to an increasingly perilous situation, most of the Yemenite Jewish community secretly emigrated to Israel between June 1949 and September 1950 in Operation Magic Carpet. A smaller, continuous migration was allowed to continue into 1962, when a civil war put an abrupt halt to any further Jewish exodus. Some wealthy Jewish families who doubted promises of a better future in Israel decided not to leave their properties, and a total of some 300 Jews remained in Yemen.

During the course of Operation Magic Carpet (1949–1950), the overwhelming majority of Yemenite Jews — some 47,000 Yemeni, 1,500 Aden as well as 500 Djiboutian and Eritrean Jews — were airlifted to Israel. Most of them had never seen an aircraft before. They left their religious ways of life as farmers and adopted a totally new way of life in a new world.^{[2] [3][4][5][6]}

The operation's official name originated from two relevant biblical passages:

• Exodus 19:4 - "You yourselves have seen what I did to Egypt, and how I bore you on wings of eagles, and brought you to Myself."
• Book of Isaiah 40:31 - "But those who hope in the Lord will renew their strength. They will soar on wings like eagles; they will run and not grow weary, they will walk and not be faint."

Since they had never seen aircraft before, many of the immigrants were extremely scared and refused to board, but were assured when reminded of these verses by their rabbi.

Operation Magic Carpet was the first in a series of operations whose purpose was to transport entire communities of Jews from Arab countries to Israel en masse during the 1950s and 1960s.

A street in Jerusalem, one in Herzliya, and another in Kerem HaTeimanim, Tel Aviv were named "Kanfei Nesharim" (wings of Eagles) in honor of this operation.

See also

• Operation Yakhin
• Amka

References