a colorimetric test specific for aldopentoses. The sample is heated with strong acid to convert any aldopentose present to furfural (i.e. 2-furaldehyde), which is then reacted with orcinol (i.e. 5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol) in the presence of ferric chloride to give a blue-green compound extractable into amyl alcohol. The test is used for the determination of RNA and the detection of pentosuria. [After Manfred Bial (1870 — 1908), German physician.]