Otherkin are a community of people who see themselves as partially or entirely non-human, contending that they are, in spirit if not in body,[2] not human. This is explained by members of the otherkin community as possible through reincarnation, having a nonhuman soul, ancestry, or symbolic metaphor.[1]
The therian and vampire subcultures are related to the otherkin community, and are considered part of it by most otherkin, but are culturally distinct movements of their own despite some overlap in membership.
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"Otherkin" as an adjective had been defined in the Middle English Dictionary (1981) as "a different or an additional kind of, other kinds of".[3]
The earliest recorded use of the term otherkin, in the context of a subculture, appeared in July 1990 and the variant otherkind was reported as early as April 1990.[1] The word "otherkind" was initially coined from the word "elfinkind", to refer to non-elf others who joined the communities.[4]
The otherkin subculture grew out of the elven online communities of the early-to-mid-1990s.[5]
The oldest Internet resource for otherkin is the Elfinkind Digest, a mailing list started in 1990 by a student at the University of Kentucky for "elves and interested observers".[4] Also in the early 1990s, newsgroups such as alt.horror.werewolves[6] and alt.fan.dragons on Usenet, which were initially created for fans of these creatures in the context of fantasy and horror literature and films, also developed followings of individuals who identified as mythological beings.[1][7]
On 6 February 1995, a document titled the "Elven Nation Manifesto" was posted to Usenet, including the groups alt.pagan and alt.magick.[8] On Usenet itself, the document was universally panned and considered to be either a troll or an attempt to frame an innocent party. However, enough people contacted the original author of the Elven Nation post in good faith for a planned mailing list to spin off from it.[5]
Rich Dansky (who worked on the development of Changeling: The Dreaming) said that after the game's release the darkfae-l listserv had "a rampaging debate on the list over how the folks at White Wolf had gotten so much of their existence right", adding, "Finally, one of the list members came to the obvious conclusion that we'd gotten it right because we ourselves were in fact changelings." Dansky denied this.[9]
Outside viewers may have varying opinions about people who identify as Otherkin, ranging from considering them animal-human relationship pioneers, to psychologically dysfunctional.[10] Reactions often range from disbelief to aggressive antagonism, especially online.[11]
Otherkin have been called one of the world's most bizarre subcultures,[12] and a religious movement (and a "quasi-religion"[13]) that "in some of its forms, largely only exists on the [Internet]".[14] Although Otherkin beliefs deviate from the definition of "religion", they share the primary interest in the super-empirical.[13]
It has also been said that they represent a widespread dissatisfaction with the modern world, but that they have taken fairy lore out of its social context.[9]
The therian and vampire subcultures are related to the otherkin community, and are considered part of it by most otherkin, but are culturally distinct movements of their own despite some overlap in membership.[1] Therians can be considered separate from otherkin, in that therians identify as certain non-human animals, while otherkin largely identify as mythical creatures,[15] with others identifying as creatures from fantasy or popular culture. Examples include: angels, demons, dragons, elves, fairies, sprites, aliens,[10][9][16] and cartoon characters.[13]
Some otherkin (such as elvenkin) claim they are allergic to iron (and products of modern technology), whilst other Otherkin (such as dragonkin) claim that having no allergies is a sign of being an Otherkin.[9]
Some otherkin also claim to be especially empathic and attuned to nature.[9]
Some claim to be able to shapeshift mentally or astrally — meaning that they experience the sense of being in their particular form while not actually changing physically.[1][17]
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