The Ottoman Turkish alphabet (Ottoman Turkish: الفبا elifbâ) was the version of the Perso-Arabic alphabet that was used for the Ottoman Turkish language during the time of the Ottoman Empire and in the early years of the Republic of Turkey, until the adoption of the new Turkish alphabet, derived from the Latin Alphabet, on November 1, 1928.
The Alphabet
| Isolated | Final | Middle | Initial | Name | Modern Turkish alphabet | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ﺍ | ﺎ | — | elif | a, e | [a], [e] | |
| ﺀ | — | hemze | ||||
| ﺏ | ﺐ | ﺒ | ﺑ | be | b | [b] |
| ﭖ | ﭗ | ﭙ | ﭘ | pe | p | [p] |
| ﺕ | ﺖ | ﺘ | ﺗ | te | t | [t] |
| ﺙ | ﺚ | ﺜ | ﺛ | se | s | [s] |
| ﺝ | ﺞ | ﺠ | ﺟ | cim | c | [ʤ] |
| ﭺ | ﭻ | ﭽ | ﭼ | çim | ç | [tʃ] |
| ﺡ | ﺢ | ﺤ | ﺣ | ha | h | [ħ] |
| ﺥ | ﺦ | ﺨ | ﺧ | hı | h | [x] |
| ﺩ | ﺪ | — | dal | d | [d] | |
| ﺫ | ﺬ | — | zel | z | [z] | |
| ﺭ | ﺮ | — | re | r | [r] | |
| ﺯ | ﺰ | — | ze | z | [z] | |
| ﮊ | ﮋ | — | je | j | [ʒ] | |
| ﺱ | ﺲ | ﺴ | ﺳ | sin | s | [s] |
| ﺵ | ﺶ | ﺸ | ﺷ | şın | ş | [ʃ] |
| ﺹ | ﺺ | ﺼ | ﺻ | sad | s | [s] |
| ﺽ | ﺾ | ﻀ | ﺿ | dad | d, z | [d] |
| ﻁ | ﻂ | ﻄ | ﻃ | tı | t | [t] |
| ﻅ | ﻆ | ﻈ | ﻇ | zı | z | [z] |
| ﻉ | ﻊ | ﻌ | ﻋ | ayn | ', h (or omitted) | [ʕ] |
| ﻍ | ﻎ | ﻐ | ﻏ | gayn | g, ğ | [ʁ] |
| ﻑ | ﻒ | ﻔ | ﻓ | fe | f | [f] |
| ﻕ | ﻖ | ﻘ | ﻗ | kaf | k | [q] |
| ﻙ | ﻚ | ﻜ | ﻛ | kef | k, g, ğ, n | [k] |
| ﮒ | ﮓ | ﮕ | ﮔ | gef¹ | g, ğ | [g] |
| ﯓ | ﯔ | ﯖ | ﯕ | nef, sağır kef | n | [ñ] |
| ﻝ | ﻞ | ﻠ | ﻟ | lam | l | [l] |
| ﻡ | ﻢ | ﻤ | ﻣ | mim | m | [m] |
| ﻥ | ﻦ | ﻨ | ﻧ | nun | n | [n] |
| ﻭ | ﻮ | — | vav | v, o, ö, u, ü | [v], [o], [œ], [u], [y] | |
| ﻩ | ﻪ | ﻬ | ﻫ | he | h, e, a | [h], [æ] |
| ﻯ | ﻰ | ﻴ | ﻳ | ye | y, ı, i | [j], [ɯ], [i] |
1A correct Ottoman variant of gef will have the "mini-kaf" of ﻙ and the doubled upper stroke of گ. This feature is surely rare in current fonts.
Numerals
Ottoman Turkish used the Eastern Arabic numerals. The following is the list of basic cardinal numerals with their spelling in the modern Turkish alphabet.
| Arabic Form | Number | Modern Turkish Spelling |
|---|---|---|
| ٠ | 0 | sıfır |
| ۱ | 1 | bir |
| ۲ | 2 | iki |
| ٣ | 3 | üç |
| ٤ | 4 | dört |
| ٥ | 5 | beş |
| ٦ | 6 | altı |
| ٧ | 7 | yedi |
| ٨ | 8 | sekiz |
| ٩ | 9 | dokuz |
| ۱٠ | 10 | on |
References
- Omniglot, Simon Ager
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
