For concepts relating to production in macroeconomics, see gross domestic product and measures of national income and output.
In microeconomics, industrial organization is the field which describes the behavior of firms in the marketplace with regard to production, pricing, employment and other decisions. Topics in this field range from classical issues such as opportunity cost to neoclassical concepts such as factors of production.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to industrial organization:
Contents |
Essence of industrial organization
- Main article: Industrial organization
- a field of economics that studies:
- the strategic behavior of firms
- the structure of markets
- and the interactions between them
History of industrial organization
- Main article: History of industrial organization
Industrial organization concepts
- Production theory basics
- production efficiency
- factors of production
- total, average, and marginal product curves
- marginal productivity
- isoquants & isocosts
- the marginal rate of technical substitution
- Economic rent
- classical factor rents
- Paretian factor rents
- Production possibility frontier
- what products are possible given a set of resources
- the trade-off between producing one product rather than another
- the marginal rate of transformation
- Production function
- inputs
- diminishing returns to inputs
- the stages of production
- shifts in a production function
- Cost theory
- the different types of costs
- opportunity cost
- accounting cost or historical costs
- transaction cost
- sunk cost
- marginal cost
- the isocost line
- the different types of costs
- Cost-of-production theory of value
- Long-run cost and production functions
- long-run average cost
- long-run production function and efficiency
- returns to scale and isoclines
minimum efficient scale - plant capacity
- Economies of density
- Economies of scale
- the efficiency consequences of increasing or decreasing the level of production
- Economies of scope
- the efficiency consequences of increasing or decreasing the number of different types of products produced, promoted, and distributed
- Optimum factor allocation
- output elasticity of factor costs
- marginal revenue product
- marginal resource cost
- Pricing
- various aspects of the pricing decision
- Transfer pricing
- selling within a multi-divisional company
- Joint product pricing
- price setting when two products are linked
- Price discrimination
- different prices to different buyers
- types of price discrimination
- yield management
- Price skimming
- price discrimination over time
- Two part tariffs
- charging a price composed of two parts, usually an initial fee and an ongoing fee
- Price points
- the effects of a non-linear demand curve on pricing
- Cost-plus pricing
- a markup is applied to a cost term in order to calculate price
- cost-plus pricing with elasticity considerations
- cost plus pricing is often used along with break even analysis
- Rate of return pricing
- calculate price based on the required rate of return on investment, or rate of return on sales
- Profit maximization
- determining the optimum price and quantity
- the totals approach
- marginal approach of production
Persons influential in the field of industrial organization
Industrial organization scholars
See also
References
External links
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