Outremer
Oxford Dictionary of World History:
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Outremer
The Frankish name given to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem established in Palestine after the First Crusade (1096–99). On Christmas Day 1100 Baldwin I was crowned as its first king. He ruled over a narrow strip of coastal territory with no clear eastern boundaries, and the kingdom depended for its survival on sufficient settlers coming regularly from Europe. Muslims united against the invaders and Jerusalem fell to them in 1187.
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Outremer
Further information: Names of the Levant
Outremer, French (outre-mer) for "overseas", was a general name given to the Crusader states established after the First Crusade: the County of Edessa, the Principality of Antioch, the County of Tripoli and especially the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The name was often equated to the Levant of Renaissance.
The term was, in general, used to refer to any land "overseas"; for example, Louis IV of France was called "Louis d'Outremer" as he was raised in England.
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Present-day use
The modern term outre-mer, spelled with a hyphen and equally meaning "overseas", is notably used for the overseas departments and territories of France (In French: Départements d'outre-mer – Territoires d'outre-mer or DOM – TOM, collectively Pays et territoires d'outre-mer (PTOM)).
Cultural impact
The author Chaz Brenchley set his series The Books of Outremer in an alternate universe version of this region.
A kingdom of French refugees bears the name of France-Outre-Mer in S. M. Stirling's book The Peshawar Lancers.
Judith Tarr's Alamut series of books are set in Outremer, mostly in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the city of Acre.
Literature
- David Nicolle: Knight of Outremer 1187-1344 AD, Warrior No. 18. Osprey Publishing, Oxford 2003. ISBN 1-85532-555-1.
See also
www.fordham.edu/frenchofoutremer
References
- Helen Nicholson (2004). Knight Templar (1120-1312). Osprey Publishing ltd.. ISBN 1-84176-670-4.
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Oxford Dictionary of World History
A Dictionary of World History. © 2006
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