An enzyme that catalyzes an oxidation-reduction reaction.
[OXID(ATION) + REDUCT(ION) + –ASE.]
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Results for oxidoreductase
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A member of a group of enzymes involved in redox reactions. Oxidoreductases were formerly known as oxidases or dehyrdogenases.
A class of enzymes that catalyze the reversible transfer of electrons from one substance to another (oxidation–reduction, or redox reaction).
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule (the reductant, also called the hydrogen acceptor or electron donor) to another (the oxidant, also called the hydrogen donor or electron acceptor). For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be an oxidoreductase:
In this example, A is the reductant (electron donor) and B is the oxidant (electron acceptor).
In biochemical reactions, the redox reactions are sometimes more difficult to see, such as this reaction from glycolysis:
In this reaction, NAD+ is the oxidant (electron acceptor), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is the reductant (electron donor).
Proper names of oxidoreductases are formed as "donor:acceptor oxidoreductase." However, other names are much more common. The common name is "donor dehydrogenase" when possible, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase for the second reaction above. Common names are also sometimes formed as "acceptor reductase", such as NAD+ reductase. "Donor oxidase" is a special case where O2 is the acceptor.
Oxidoreductases are classified as EC 1 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Oxidoreductases can be further classified into 22 subclasses:
| Proteins: enzymes | |
|---|---|
| Topics | Active site -
Allosteric regulation - Binding site -
Catalytically perfect enzyme - Coenzyme -
Cofactor - Cooperativity -
EC number Enzyme catalysis - Enzyme inhibitor - Enzyme kinetics - Lineweaver-Burk plot - |
| Types | EC1 Oxidoreductases/list - EC2 Transferases/list - EC3 Hydrolases/list - EC4 Lyases/list - EC5 Isomerases/list - EC6 Ligases/list |
| Oxidoreductases: alcohol oxidoreductases (EC 1.1) | |
|---|---|
| 1.1.1 NAD/NADP acceptor | Carbohydrate dehydrogenases - Alcohol dehydrogenase - Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase - L-xylulose reductase - Aldose reductase - Lactate dehydrogenase - 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase - Malate dehydrogenase - Isocitrate dehydrogenase - Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase - HMG-CoA reductase - Β-Ketoacyl ACP reductase - Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 11 Beta (HSD11B1, HSD11B2) - 3 Beta (3-beta-HSD) - 17 Beta - Carnitine dehydrogenase - Beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase - IMP dehydrogenase - DXP reductoisomerase |
| 1.1.3 oxygen acceptor | Glucose oxidase - L-gulonolactone oxidase - Xanthine oxidase |
| Aldehyde/oxo oxidoreductases (EC 1.2) | |
|---|---|
| 1.2.1 - NAD or NADP acceptor | Aldehyde dehydrogenase - Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) - Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase - Long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase |
| 1.2.4 - disulfide acceptor | Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase - Pyruvate dehydrogenase - Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex |
| Oxidoreductases: CH-CH oxidoreductases (EC 1.3) | |
|---|---|
| 1.3.1. NAD/NADP acceptor | Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase/Enoyl ACP reductase - 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase - Biliverdin reductase - 2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase |
| 1.3.3. Oxygen acceptor | Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase - Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase - Protoporphyrinogen oxidase - |
| 1.3.5. Quinone | Succinate - coenzyme Q reductase |
| 1.3.99. Other acceptors | Fumarate reductase - Butyryl CoA dehydrogenase - Acyl CoA dehydrogenase - 5-alpha reductase - Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase - Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase |
| CH-NH2 oxidoreductases (EC 1.4) - primarily amino acid oxidoreductases | |
|---|---|
| 1.4.1 - NAD/NADP acceptor | Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD1) |
| 1.4.3 - oxygen acceptor | D-amino acid oxidase - Amine oxidase - Lysyl oxidase - Monoamine oxidase |
| 1.4.4 - disulfide acceptor | Glycine decarboxylase complex |
| 1.4.99 - other acceptors | D-amino acid dehydrogenase - Amine dehydrogenase |
| CH-NH oxidoreductases (EC 1.5) | |
|---|---|
| 1.5.1 - NAD or NADP acceptor | Dihydrofolate reductase - Saccharopine dehydrogenase - Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase |
| 1.5.3 - oxygen acceptor | Dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase - Sarcosine oxidase |
| 1.5.5 - quinone acceptor | Electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase |
| NADH or NADPH oxidoreductases (EC 1.6) |
|---|
| Methemoglobin reductase - NADPH oxidase (P91-PHOX) - NADH dehydrogenase |
| Oxidoreductases: nitrogenous donor (EC 1.7) |
|---|
| GMP reductase - Urate oxidase |
| Oxidoreductases: sulfur oxidoreductases (EC 1.8) |
|---|
| Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase - Glutathione reductase - Thioredoxin reductase - Sulfite oxidase |
| Diphenol family oxidoreductases (EC 1.10) |
|---|
| Coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase - Catechol oxidase - Laccase - Alternative oxidase |
| Oxidoreductases: peroxidases (EC 1.11) |
|---|
| Catalase - Cytochrome c peroxidase - Eosinophil peroxidase - Glutathione peroxidase - Horseradish peroxidase - Lactoperoxidase - Myeloperoxidase - Thyroid peroxidase - Deiodinase (Tetraiodothyronine 5' deiodinase) |
| Oxidoreductases: monooxygenases (EC 1.13) | |
|---|---|
| 1.13.11 - two atoms of oxygen | Catechol dioxygenase - Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase - Cysteine dioxygenase - 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase - Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase - Lipoxygenase (5) |
| 1.13.12 - one atom of oxygen | Firefly luciferase |
| 1.13.99 - other | Inositol oxygenase |
| Oxidoreductases: dioxygenases, including steroid hydroxylases (EC 1.14) | |
|---|---|
| 1.14.11 - 2-oxoglutarate | Prolyl hydroxylase - Lysyl hydroxylase |
| 1.14.13 - NADH or NADPH | Flavin-containing monooxygenase - Nitric oxide synthase - Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase - Methane monooxygenase - 3A4 -51A1 |
| 1.14.14 - reduced flavin or flavoprotein | 19A1 - 2D6 - 2E1 |
| 1.14.15 - reduced iron-sulfur protein | 11B1 - 11B2 - 11A1 |
| 1.14.16 - reduced pteridine | Phenylalanine hydroxylase - Tyrosine hydroxylase - Tryptophan hydroxylase |
| 1.14.17 - reduced ascorbate | Dopamine beta hydroxylase |
| 1.14.18-19 - other | Tyrosinase - Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 |
| 1.14.99 - miscellaneous | Cyclooxygenase - Heme oxygenase (HMOX1) - Squalene monooxygenase - 17A1 - 21A2 |
| Other oxidoreductases (EC 1.15-1.18) | |
|---|---|
| 1.15 - Acting on superoxide as acceptor | Superoxide dismutase |
| 1.16 - Oxidizing metal ions | Ceruloplasmin |
| 1.17 - Acting on CH or CH2 groups | Xanthine oxidase - Ribonucleotide reductase |
| 1.18 - Acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors | Nitrogenase |
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