the ratio of the minimum (or actual) volume of an object, such as a molecule in a crystal or in solution, to the total volume it occupies. For a macromolecule or region of a macromolecule, it is the ratio of the volume enclosed by the van der Waals envelope of all atoms in the molecule or region to the total volume of the molecule or region. Theoretical values are 0.74 for close-packed spheres, 0.91 for infinite cylinders, and 1.0 for a continuous solid.