Pakistan National Alliance

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Pakistan National Alliance پاکستان نیشنل اتحاد
Leader	Abdul Vali Khan, ANP
Central Presiding leaders	Asghar Khan, TI Näzi Abbāssï, CPP Zähoör Illahi, PML Māölänä Mäüdüdï, JI Akbar Bügti, BRP Häsil Bizhenjo, BNP G. M. Syed, JSQM Mumtaz Bhutto, SNF
Founded	1977
Dissolved	1978
Succeeded by	Islamic Democratic Alliance (IDA)
Headquarters	Parliament lodges, Islamabad.
Ideology	Conservatism
Political position	Right-wing
Official colors	Green
Parliament	36 / 216
Party flag

The Pakistan National Alliance was a nine-party alliance in Pakistan, formed in 1977 in which the alliance agreed to run as a single bloc to overthrow the rule of Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the first elected leader of that country. It was a major and largest alliance formed against Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and his government members. The Alliance had 9 different ideological parties, and had consisted of all secularist forces, communist forces, socialist forces, conservative forces and hard-line Islamist forces at a single bloc. However, after General Zia deposed Bhutto and his close colleagues, the alliance divided into two sections. Under Zia, the secular forces, communist forces, and socialist forces were undermined and destroyed. Many of the secular, communist, and socialist party members were either killed, tortured, or went missing whom fate are still unknown.Whereas Religious and ideological leaders sided with Zia.

In an article written by Bhutto's former political analyst, dr. Ataul Haque Kasmie, the core objective of this alliance was to teach Bhutto a lesson for starting a nuclear development and intensifying socialism in the country.^[1]

History

The Pakistan National Alliance (PNA) manifesto was to bring back the 1970 prices. Implementation of Islam was its primary election slogan. They promised to enforce Islamic laws "Nizam-e-Mustafa", the Shariah laws. They were a conglomerate of diverse views and of contradictory causes, such as Asghar Khan's (Independence Movement) secularism, Abdul Vali Khan’s (People National Party) Socialism, Nazeer Abbasi's (Community Party) Communism, Chaudhry Zahoor Elahi's (Muslim League) Conservatism, and Maulana Maududi's (Jamaat-e-Islami) hardline Islamism united by common dislike of Zulfiqar Bhutto's autocratic policies on a single platform. At this platform, the modern European style-influenced forces formed an alliance with totally opposite of hard-line Islamist forces. The alliance decided to contest the elections under one election symbol "plough" and a green flag with nine stars as its ensign.

Contesting the 1977 elections jointly the PNA launched a national campaign against the government after the controversial and allegedly rigged results showing the Peoples Party as an overwhelming victory in the general elections. The agitation caught the Peoples Party and its political scientists, by surprise and after several months of street fighting and demonstrations. Under advised by his advisers, Bhutto opened negotiations with the then PNA leadership but whether or not it would have been signed by all PNA parties or by Bhutto remains open to speculation. In a single unusual anti-Bhutto bloc, the alliance seemed to be effective when tapping a wave to remove Bhutto from government.

Each star represented the parties under this alliance. There were nine parties, the flag's star represented the nine stars.

Meanwhile, Bhutto's trusted confident and a life-long companion dr. Mubashir Hassan tried to handle the situation on behalf of Bhutto by bringing the alliance on a table to reach an agreement of co-existence and a vital political solution. On other hand, dr. Hassan advised Bhutto to not to rely either on establishment or use the force to curb the alliance. However, dr. Hassan's initiatives were not successful despite the efforts he made day and night. The PNA later refused talk to dr. Hassan as he was seen as a brain behind Bhutto's rise. An agreement was eventually reached in June 1977 and Bhutto was to sign it on July 5. However, despite the enthusiasm of the negotiating team, other PNA leaders had reservations about the agreement. In response, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto also tried to crush the power of this alliance, with the help of his agencies such as FSF and Rangers and for this reason was also considered for the cause of Bhutto's hanging in 4 April 1979. In a coup staged by General Zia, Bhutto was removed from office with majority of his colleagues. Bhutto was thrown in jail with his close confident dr. Hassan who later witnessed General Zia's ill treatment to both men.

The conservatives and Islamist fronts went to General Zia-ul-Haq, Chief of Army Staff and Admiral Mohammad Shariff, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, and convinced them to remove Bhutto and no other agreement is reached with Bhutto and his colleagues remained stubborn. The absence of a formal agreement between the government and the PNA was used as an excuse by the Pakistan Defence Forces under its Chairman Admiral Mohammad Shariff which led to stage a Coup d'état (see Operation Fair Play) by General Ziaul Haque in order to break the impasse. Those justifying the coup, argue that no agreement had been reached between the two sides.

The Alliance split after the Army under Zia-ul-Haq ousted his government, between elements (conservatives and religious groups) that supported the martial law government and those who opposed it (socialists, communists and secularists). The socialist, communist, and secular fronts were brutally suppressed, undermined, destroyed and completely disable by General Zia and his supported Islamic Front (see Zia regime). In response, the secular front decided to form the Movement for Restoration of Democracy to fight the regime of General Zia.

Alliance's Group

The Alliance unusually consisted of 9 parties, with complete different ideologies, backgrounds, and political goals. As of today, the parties have been separated from its original bloc, and formed different parties with different names. And, as of 1970s, the fronts and parties that Bhutto and his colleagues were facing are listed below in their respective categories:

• Hard-line Islamist Front
  • Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) (Assembly of Islamic Clergy-F Group (JUIF), Assembly of followers of the Sayings of the prophet (JAH), Shiite Movement of Pakistan (TJP), Jamaat-e-Islami (JI), Assembly of Islamic Clergy (JUI), Sunni Movement, United Democratic Front (UDP), Movement for Prophet's System promulgation (TNM))
• Conservative Front
  • Pakistan Muslim League and Democratic Party
• Socialist Front
  • National Democratic Party, People's National Party, Socialist Worker's and Peasant's Party (MPK), Milli Awami Party (MAP)
• Communist Front
• Communist Party (CPP), Communist Worker's Peasant's Party (CMPK), Thaheem Communist Party (CPPT), National Workers Party (NWP), The Struggle Trotskyist (TST), Labour Party (SPP)
• Secularist Front
  • Independence Movement, Balochistan National Party, All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference (AJKMC)
• Baloch Front
  • Baloch Republican Party (BRP), Balochistan National Party (BNP), Balochistan National Movement (BNM)
• Hidden Directives
  • The Establishment
  • CIA

See also

• Islami Jamhoori Ittehad
• Politics of Pakistan
• History of Pakistan
• List of political parties in Pakistan

References

v t e Government of Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Domestic reforms Government Prime ministerial ship • East-Pakistan Commission • Balochistan unrest • Constitutional reforms ( 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th ) • Socialist economics reforms • Industrialization ( Integrated Steel Mills, Port Qasim ) • Nationalization • Socialism • Joint Chiefs of Staff ( Army, Air Force, Naval, Naval Aviation, Marines ) • Federal Security Force • Federal Investigation Agency • Civil unrest • Coup d'état • Trial of Prime minister • Death sentence • Legacy • Memorials Nuclear policy Nuclear development • Nuclear energy development • Project-706 • Uranium enrichment programme • Plutonium reprocessing programme • Chagai Hills • Ras Koh Hills • Inaugurating first atomic power plant • Radiation health services • Establishing Pakistan nuclear industry Educational reforms Curriculum reforms • Modern Islamic education • Physics research council • Founding Institute of Nuclear Physics • Civil Services Academy reforms • Engineering Council • Directorate for Science and Technology (DST) • PAEC with CERN • Academy of Letters Administrative Government Zulfikar Ali Bhutto • Tikka Khan • Zülfikar Ali Khan • Mühammad Scharief • Aziz Ahmad • A. G. N Kazie • A. Q. Khan • Mubashir Hassan • Rana Hanif Khan • Fazal Ellahi Chaüdhrie • Hyätt Scherpao • Caüsar Nyäzie • Ghülam Izhaq Khan • Ghulam Müstafa Jahtoie • J. A. Rähim • Rä'ana Lyäkat Ali-Khan • Naseer-üllah Babarr • Nüsrat Izpahanie Bhutto • Syed Muhammad Ahsan • Hamood-ür Rahmann • Hasan Hafeez Ahmad • Doürab Framroze Pätel • Fäkha-ruddin G. Abrahim • Abdus Salam • Iftikharr Ahmad • A. Hafeez Per-Zädah • Ahmäd Hüsyen Kazie • Faiz Ahmäd Fāiz Nine Party Opposition Alliance Secularist front Independence Movement : Asghar Khan • Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri • Gohar Ayub Khan • Fakhar Imam • Abida Hussain • Scher Afgann Nyäzie • Ahmed Raza Kasuri Socialist front Awami National Party : Abdul Valie Khan • Asfandiyar Vali Khan • Ajmall Khattake • Afrasiejab Khattake • Ahsan Wynne • Abdul Ghaffar Khan Communist front Communist Party : Jam Sakqi • Nazeer Abbasi • Habib Jalib • Afzal Bangash • C. R. Aslam • Mirage M. Khan • D. A. H. Khan • Sibtey Hasan • Faiz Ahmad Faiz Hardline-Islamist front United Democratic Front : Pakistan National Alliance • A. A. Maududi • Ahmad Nourani • Mufti Mahmud • Samieul Haque • Maulvi Mushtaq Hussain • Kazi Hussain Ahmad • Munavar Hasan Baloch front Democratic Country Party : Akbar Bughtie • Khair Bax Marrie • Ataullah Mengal • Ghaus Bax Bizenjo • Sherbaz Mazarie Conservative front Pakistan Muslim League : Ch. Zahoor Ilahi • Peer Pagarah • Khuvaja M. Safdarh Hidden directives Fair Play : 111th Psychological Brigade (X Corps) • Faiz Ali Chishti • Zia-ul-Haque • Khalid Mahmood Arif • Akhtar Abdur Rahman • Ghulam Jilani Khan Nationalist fronts Baloch nationalism ( Balochistan Liberation Front • Balochistan Liberation Army ) • Sindhi nationalism ( Great Sindh National Front • Sindhudesh ) • Pashtunistan Foreign policy Samjhauta Express • Trade treaty with India • Diplomatic distaste with the United States • Recognition of Bangladesh • Strengthening Sino-Pak relations • State visit to North-Korea • Trade relations with Singapore • Simla Agreement • Normalization of Soviet-Pakistan relations • Building ties with Muslim world ( hosting 2nd OIC in Lahore ) • Libyan support for Pakistan ( Colonel Gaddafi's support for Bhutto ) • Iranian-Pakistan military axis • Pakistan-Turkish strategic alliance • Free Trade Agreement with Poland • Promoting Pakistan-Saudi Arabia relations • Tensions with Israel • Support for Palestine • Military and strategic treaty with Germany • Economic relations with Switzerland • Refusal of signing Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Bhutto's family S. N. Bhutto (father) • Nusrat Izpahanie Bhutto (wife) • Benazir Bhutto (eldest daughter) • Murtaza Bhutto (son) • Sanam Bhutto (daughter) • Shahnawaz Bhutto (youngest son) Pakistan

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