Pancrustacea
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Pancrustacea
| Pancrustacea | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| (unranked): | Pancrustacea Zrzavý & Štys, 1997 |
| Subphyla | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Tetraconata Dohle, 2001 |
|
Pancrustacea is a clade, comprising all crustaceans and hexapods.[1] This grouping is contrary to the Atelocerata hypothesis, in which Myriapoda and Hexapoda are sister taxa, and Crustacea are only more distantly related. As of 2010, the Pancrustacea taxon is considered well accepted.[2] The clade has also been called Tetraconata, referring to the square ommatidia of many of its members.[3] That name is preferred by some scientists as a means of avoiding confusion with the use of "pan-" to indicate a clade that includes a crown group and all of its stem group representatives.[4]
| The Pancrustacea hypothesis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Cladogram following Regier et al. (2010)[5] |
A monophyletic Pancrustacea has been supported by several molecular studies,[5][6][7][8] in most of which the subphylum Crustacea is paraphyletic with regard to insects (that is, that insects are derived from crustacean ancestors)
The evidence for this clade derives from molecular data and morphological characteristics. The molecular data consists of comparisons of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes, mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes, and protein coding genes. The morphological data consists of ommatidial structures (see arthropod eye), the presence of neuroblasts, and the form and style of axonogenesis by pioneer neurons.[9][10]
See also
References
- ^ J. Zrzavý & P. Štys (1997). "The basic body plan of arthropods: insights from evolutionary morphology and developmental biology". Journal of Evolutionary Biology 10 (3): 353–367. doi:10.1007/s000360050029.
- ^ Omar Rota-Stabelli, Ehsan Kayal, Dianne Gleeson, Jennifer Daub, Jeffrey L. Boore, Maximilian J. Telford, Davide Pisani, Mark Blaxter & Dennis V. Lavrov (2010). "Ecdysozoan Mitogenomics: Evidence for a Common Origin of the Legged Invertebrates, the Panarthropoda". Genome Biology and Evolution 2: 425–440. doi:10.1093/gbe/evq030. PMC 2998192. PMID 20624745. http://gbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/2/425.
- ^ W. Dohle (2001). "Are the insects terrestrial crustaceans? A discussion of some new facts and arguments and the proposal of the proper name 'Tetraconata' for the monophyletic unit Crustacea+Hexapoda". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 37 (1–2): 85–103.
- ^ Stefan Richter, Ole S. Møller & Christian S. Wirkner (2009). "Advances in Crustacean Phylogenetics" (PDF). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 67 (2): 275–286. http://www.arthropod-systematics.de/ASP_67_2/ASP_67_2_Richter_275-286.pdf.
- ^ a b Jerome C. Regier, Jeffrey W. Shultz, Andreas Zwick, April Hussey, Bernard Ball, Regina Wetzer, Joel W. Martin & Clifford W. Cunningham (2010). "Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature 463 (7284): 1079–1083. doi:10.1038/nature08742. PMID 20147900.
- ^ Jeffrey W. Shultz & Jerome C. Regier (2000). "Phylogenetic analysis of arthropods using two nuclear protein-encoding genes supports a crustacean + hexapod clade". Proceedings of the Royal Society B 267 (1447): 1011–1019. doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1104. PMC 1690640. PMID 10874751. http://www.life.umd.edu/entm/shultzlab/opiliomd/papers/ProcRSocLondB.pdf.
- ^ Gonzalo Giribet & Carles Ribera (2000). "A review of arthropod phylogeny: new data based on ribosomal DNA sequences and direct character optimization". Cladistics 16 (2): 204–231. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00353.x.
- ^ Francesco Nardi, Giacomo Spinsanti, Jeffrey L. Boore, Antonio Carapelli, Romano Dallai & Francesco Frati (2003). "Hexapod origins: monophyletic or paraphyletic?" (PDF). Science 299 (5614): 1887–1889. doi:10.1126/science.1078607. PMID 12649480. http://heth.bio.ed.ac.uk/teaching/zoo4/arthropods/Nardi_2003_Science_Hexapoda.pdf.
- ^ Stefan Richter (2002). "The Tetraconata concept: hexapod-crustacean relationships and the phylogeny of Crustacea". Organisms Diversity & Evolution 2 (3): 217–237. doi:10.1078/1439-6092-00048.
- ^ Casey W. Dunn, Andreas Hejnol, David Q. Matus, Kevin Pang, William E. Browne, Stephen A. Smith, Elaine Seaver, Greg W. Rouse, Matthias Obst, Gregory D. Edgecombe, Martin V. Sørensen, Steven H. D. Haddock, Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa, Akiko Okusu, Reinhardt Møbjerg Kristensen, Ward C. Wheeler, Mark Q. Martindale & Gonzalo Giribet (2008). "Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life". Nature 452 (10): 745–749. doi:10.1038/nature06614. PMID 18322464.
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